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تفسير السعدي - سورة المائدة - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ ۚ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُم بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ وَأَنتُمْ حُرُمٌ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ (1) (المائدة) mp3
هذا أمر من الله تعالى لعباده المؤمنين, بما يقتضيه الإيمان, بالوفاء بالعقود أي: بإكمالها, وإتمامها, وعدم نقضها ونقصها.
وهذا شامل للعقود, التي بين العبد وبين ربه, من التزام عبوديته, والقيام بها أتم قيام, وعدم الانتقاص من حقوقها شيئا, والتي بينه وبين الرسول بطاعته واتباعه, والتي بينه وبين الوالدين, والأقارب, ببرهم, وصلتهم, وعدم قطيعتهم.
والتي بينه وبين أصحابه من القيام بحقوق الصحبة في الغنى والفقر, واليسر والعسر, والتي بينه وبين الخلق من عقود المعاملات, كالبيع, والإجارة, ونحوهما, وعقود التبرعات, كالهبة ونحوها, والقيام بحقوق المسلمين, التي عقدها الله, بينهم في قوله: " إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ " بل التناصر على الحق, والتعاون عليه, والتآلف بين المسلمين, وعدم التقاطع.
فهذا الأمر شامل لأصول الدين وفروعه, فكلها داخلة في العقود التي أمر الله بالقيام بها.
ثم قال - ممتنا على عباده - " أُحِلَّتْ لَكُمْ " أي لأجلكم, رحمة بكم " بَهِيمَةُ الْأَنْعَامِ " من الإبل, والبقر والغنم.
بل ربما دخل في ذلك, الوحش منها, والظباء, وحمر الوحش ونحوها, من الصيود.
واستدل بعض الصحابة بهذه الآية, على إباحة الجنين, الذي يموت في بطن أمه, بعدما تذبح.
" إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ " تحريمه منها في قوله " حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ " إلى آخر الآية.
فإن هذه المذكورات, وإن كانت من بهيمة الأنعام, فإنها محرمة.
ولما كانت إباحة بهيمة الأنعام عامة في جميع الأحوال والأوقات, استثنى منها الصيد في حال الإحرام فقال: " غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ " أي: أحلت لكم بهيمة الأنعام في كل حال, إلا حيث كنتم متصفين بأنكم, غير محلي الصيد, وأنتم حرم, أي: متجرئون على قتله في حال الإحرام, فإن ذلك لا يحل لكم, إذا كان صيدا, كالظباء ونحوه.
والصيد.
هو: الحيوان المأكول المتوحش.
" إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ " أي: فمهما أراده تعالى, حكم به حكما موافقا لحكمته, كما أمركم بالوفاء بالعقود, لحصول مصالحكم ودفع المفضار عنكم.
وأحل لكم بهيمة الأنعام, رحمة بكم, وحرم عليكم ما استثنى منها, من ذوات العوارض, من الميتة ونحوها, صونا لكم, واحتراما, ومن صيد الإحرام, احتراما للإحرام, وإعظاما.
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