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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الشرح - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ (1) (الشرح) mp3
شَرْح الصَّدْر : فَتْحه أَيْ أَلَمْ نَفْتَحْ صَدْرك لِلْإِسْلَامِ . وَرَوَى أَبُو صَالِح عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس قَالَ : أَلَمْ نُلَيِّنْ لَك قَلْبك . وَرَوَى الضَّحَّاك عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس قَالَ : قَالُوا يَا رَسُول اللَّه , أَيَنْشَرِحُ الصَّدْر ؟ قَالَ : [ نَعَمْ وَيَنْفَسِحُ ] . قَالُوا : يَا رَسُول اللَّه , وَهَلْ لِذَلِكَ عَلَامَة ؟ قَالَ : [ نَعَمْ التَّجَافِي عَنْ دَار الْغُرُور , وَالْإِنَابَة إِلَى دَار الْخُلُود , وَالِاعْتِدَاد لِلْمَوْتِ , قَبْل نُزُول الْمَوْت ] . وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي " الزُّمَر " عِنْد قَوْله تَعَالَى : " أَفَمَنْ شَرَحَ اللَّه صَدْره لِلْإِسْلَامِ فَهُوَ عَلَى نُور مِنْ رَبّه " . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ الْحَسَن قَالَ : " أَلَمْ نَشْرَح لَك صَدْرك " قَالَ : مُلِئَ حِكَمًا وَعِلْمًا . وَفِي الصَّحِيح عَنْ أَنَس بْن مَالِك , عَنْ مَالِك بْن صَعْصَعَة - رَجُل مِنْ قَوْمه - أَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ : ( فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْد الْبَيْت بَيْن النَّائِم وَالْيَقِظَانِ إِذْ سَمِعْت قَائِلًا يَقُول : أَحَد الثَّلَاثَة فَأُتِيت بِطَسْتٍ مِنْ ذَهَب , فِيهَا مَاء زَمْزَم , فَشَرَحَ صَدْرِي إِلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا ) قَالَ قَتَادَة قُلْت : مَا يَعْنِي ؟ قَالَ : إِلَى أَسْفَل بَطْنِي , قَالَ : [ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ قَلْبِي , فَغُسِلَ قَلْبِي بِمَاءِ زَمْزَم , ثُمَّ أُعِيدَ مَكَانه , ثُمَّ حُشِيَ إِيمَانًا وَحِكْمَة ] . وَفِي الْحَدِيث قِصَّة . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ النَّبِيّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ : ( جَاءَنِي مَلَكَانِ فِي صُورَة طَائِر , مَعَهُمَا مَاء وَثَلْج , فَشَرَحَ أَحَدهمَا صَدْرِي , وَفَتَحَ الْآخَر بِمِنْقَارِهِ فِيهِ فَغَسَلَهُ ) . وَفِي حَدِيث آخَر قَالَ : [ جَاءَنِي مَلَك فَشَقَّ عَنْ قَلْبِي , فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ عُذْرَة , وَقَالَ : قَلْبك وَكِيع , وَعَيْنَاك بَصِيرَتَانِ , وَأُذُنَاك سَمِيعَتَانِ , أَنْتَ مُحَمَّد رَسُول اللَّه , لِسَانك صَادِق , وَنَفْسك مُطْمَئِنَّة , وَخُلُقك قُثَم , وَأَنْتَ قَيِّم ] . قَالَ أَهْل اللُّغَة : قَوْله [ وَكِيع ] أَيْ يَحْفَظ مَا يُوضَع فِيهِ . يُقَال : سِقَاء وَكِيع أَيْ قَوِيّ يَحْفَظ مَا يُوضَع فِيهِ . وَاسْتَوْكَعَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ , أَيْ قَوِيَتْ وَقَوْله : [ قُثَم ] أَيْ جَامِع . يُقَال : رَجُل قَثُوم لِلْخَيْرِ أَيْ جَامِع لَهُ . وَمَعْنَى " أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ " قَدْ شَرَحْنَا الدَّلِيل عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَوْله فِي النَّسَق عَلَيْهِ : " وَوَضَعْنَا عَنْك وِزْرك " , فَهَذَا عَطْف عَلَى التَّأْوِيل , لَا عَلَى التَّنْزِيل ; لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ عَلَى التَّنْزِيل لَقَالَ : وَنَضَعْ عَنْك وِزْرَك . فَدَلَّ هَذَا عَلَى أَنَّ مَعْنَى " أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ " : قَدْ شَرَحْنَا . و " لَمْ " جَحْد , وَفِي الِاسْتِفْهَام طَرَف مِنْ الْجَحْد , وَإِذَا وَقَعَ جَحْد , رَجَعَ إِلَى التَّحْقِيق كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : " أَلَيْسَ اللَّه بِأَحْكَمِ الْحَاكِمِينَ " [ التِّين : 8 ] . وَمَعْنَاهُ : اللَّه أَحْكَم الْحَاكِمِينَ . وَكَذَا " أَلَيْسَ اللَّه بِكَافٍ عَبْده " [ الزُّمَر : 36 ] . وَمِثْله قَوْل جَرِير يَمْدَح عَبْد الْمَلِك بْن مَرْوَان : أَلَسْتُمْ خَيْرَ مَنْ رَكِبَ الْمَطَايَا وَأَنْدَى الْعَالَمِينَ بُطُونَ رَاحٍ الْمَعْنَى : أَنْتُمْ كَذَا .
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