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تفسير القرطبي - سورة المطففين - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَيْلٌ لِّلْمُطَفِّفِينَ (1) (المطففين) mp3
سُورَة الْمُطَفِّفِينَ مَكِّيَّة قَالَ مُقَاتِل : وَهِيَ أَوَّل سُورَة نَزَلَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَقَتَادَة : مَدَنِيَّة إِلَّا ثَمَانِي آيَات مِنْ قَوْله : " إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا " إِلَى آخِرهَا , مَكِّيّ . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيّ وَجَابِر بْن زَيْد : نَزَلَتْ بَيْن مَكَّة وَالْمَدِينَة . وَفِيهِ أَرْبَع مَسَائِل : الْأُولَى : رَوَى النَّسَائِيّ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس قَالَ : لَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَة كَانُوا مِنْ أَخْبَث النَّاس كَيْلًا , فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّه تَعَالَى : " وَيْل لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ " فَأَحْسَنُوا الْكَيْل بَعْد ذَلِكَ . قَالَ الْفَرَّاء : فَهُمْ مِنْ أَوْفَى النَّاس كَيْلًا إِلَى يَوْمهمْ هَذَا . وَعَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس أَيْضًا قَالَ : هِيَ : أَوَّل سُورَة نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَاعَة نَزَلَ الْمَدِينَة , وَكَانَ هَذَا فِيهِمْ ; كَانُوا إِذَا اِشْتَرَوْا اِسْتَوْفَوْا بِكَيْلٍ رَاجِح , فَإِذَا بَاعُوا بَخَسُوا الْمِكْيَال وَالْمِيزَان , فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ السُّورَة اِنْتَهَوْا , فَهُمْ أَوْفَى النَّاس كَيْلًا إِلَى يَوْمهمْ هَذَا . وَقَالَ قَوْم : نَزَلَتْ فِي رَجُل يُعْرَف بِأَبِي جُهَيْنَة , وَاسْمه عَمْرو ; كَانَ لَهُ صَاعَانِ يَأْخُذ بِأَحَدِهِمَا , وَيُعْطِي بِالْآخَرِ ; قَالَهُ أَبُو هُرَيْرَة رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ . الثَّانِيَة : قَوْله تَعَالَى : " وَيْل " أَيْ شِدَّة عَذَاب فِي الْآخِرَة . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : إِنَّهُ وَادٍ فِي جَهَنَّم يَسِيل فِيهِ صَدِيد . أَهْل النَّار , فَهُوَ قَوْله تَعَالَى : " وَيْل لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ " أَيْ الَّذِينَ يَنْقُصُونَ مَكَايِيلَهُمْ وَمَوَازِينهمْ . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ اِبْن عُمَر قَالَ : الْمُطَفِّف : الرَّجُل يَسْتَأْجِر الْمِكْيَال وَهُوَ يَعْلَم أَنَّهُ يَحِيف فِي كَيْله فَوِزْره عَلَيْهِ . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : التَّطْفِيف فِي الْكَيْل وَالْوَزْن وَالْوُضُوء وَالصَّلَاة وَالْحَدِيث . فِي الْمُوَطَّأ قَالَ مَالِك : وَيُقَال لِكُلِّ شَيْء وَفَاء وَتَطْفِيف . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَالِم اِبْن أَبِي الْجَعْد قَالَ : الصَّلَاة بِمِكْيَالٍ , فَمَنْ أَوْفَى لَهُ وَمَنْ طَفَّفَ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا قَالَ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ : " وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ " . الثَّالِثَة : قَالَ أَهْل اللُّغَة : الْمُطَفِّف مَأْخُوذ مِنْ الطَّفِيف , وَهُوَ الْقَلِيل , وَالْمُطَفِّف هُوَ الْمُقِلّ حَقّ صَاحِبه بِنُقْصَانِهِ عَنْ الْحَقّ , فِي كَيْل أَوْ وَزْن . وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاج : إِنَّمَا قِيلَ لِلْفَاعِلِ مِنْ هَذَا مُطَفِّف ; لِأَنَّهُ لَا يَكَاد يَسْرِق مِنْ الْمِكْيَال وَالْمِيزَان إِلَّا الشَّيْء الطَّفِيف الْخَفِيف , وَإِنَّمَا أُخِذَ مِنْ طَفَّ الشَّيْء وَهُوَ جَانِبه . وَطِفَاف الْمَكُّوك وَطَفَافه بِالْكَسْرِ وَالْفَتْح : مَا مَلَأَ أَصْبَاره , وَكَذَلِكَ طَفُّ الْمَكُّوك وَطَفَفُهُ ; وَفِي الْحَدِيث : ( كُلّكُمْ بَنُو آدَم طَفّ الصَّاع لَمْ تَمْلَئُوهُ ) . وَهُوَ أَنْ يَقْرُب أَنْ يَمْتَلِئ فَلَا يَفْعَل , وَالْمَعْنَى بَعْضكُمْ مِنْ بَعْض قَرِيب , فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَى أَحَد فَضْل إِلَّا بِالتَّقْوَى . وَالطُّفَاف وَالطُّفَافَة بِالضَّمِّ : مَا فَوْق الْمِكْيَال . وَإِنَاء طُفَاف : إِذَا بَلَغَ الْمِلْء طُفَافه ; تَقُول مِنْهُ : أَطَفَفْت . وَالتَّطْفِيف : نَقْص الْمِكْيَال وَهُوَ أَلَّا تَمْلَأهُ إِلَى أَصْبَاره , أَيْ جَوَانِبه ; يُقَال : أَدَهَقْت الْكَأْس إِلَى أَصْبَارهَا أَيْ إِلَى رَأْسِهَا . وَقَوْل اِبْن عُمَر حِين ذَكَرَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَبَقَ الْخَيْل : كُنْت فَارِسًا يَوْمئِذٍ فَسَبَقْت النَّاس حَتَّى طَفَّفَ بِي الْفَرَس مَسْجِد بَنِي زُرَيْق , حَتَّى كَادَ يُسَاوِي الْمَسْجِد . يَعْنِي : وَثَبَ بِي . الرَّابِعَة : الْمُطَفِّف : هُوَ الَّذِي يُخْسِر فِي الْكَيْل وَالْوَزْن , وَلَا يُوفِي حَسْب مَا بَيَّنَّاهُ ; وَرَوَى اِبْن الْقَاسِم عَنْ مَالِك : أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ " وَيْل لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ " فَقَالَ : لَا تُطَفِّف وَلَا تَخْلُب , وَلَكِنْ أَرْسِلْ وَصُبَّ عَلَيْهِ صَبًّا , حَتَّى إِذَا اِسْتَوْفَى أَرْسِلْ يَدك وَلَا تُمْسِكْ . وَقَالَ عَبْد الْمَلِك بْن الْمَاجِشُون : نَهَى رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ مَسْح الطُّفَاف , وَقَالَ : إِنَّ الْبَرَكَة فِي رَأْسه . قَالَ : وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ كَيْل فِرْعَوْن كَانَ مَسْحًا بِالْحَدِيدِ .
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