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تفسير القرطبي - سورة القيامة - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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لَا أُقْسِمُ بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ (1) (القيامة) mp3
قِيلَ : إِنَّ " لَا " صِلَة , وَجَازَ وُقُوعهَا فِي أَوَّل السُّورَة ; لِأَنَّ الْقُرْآنَ مُتَّصِل بَعْضه بِبَعْضٍ , فَهُوَ فِي حُكْم كَلَام وَاحِد ; وَلِهَذَا قَدْ يُذْكَر الشَّيْء فِي سُورَة وَيَجِيء جَوَابه فِي سُورَة أُخْرَى ; كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : " وَقَالُوا يَا أَيّهَا الَّذِي نُزِّلَ عَلَيْهِ الذِّكْر إِنَّك لَمَجْنُونٌ " [ الْحِجْر : 6 ] .

وَجَوَابه فِي سُورَة أُخْرَى : " مَا أَنْتَ بِنِعْمَةِ رَبّك بِمَجْنُونٍ " [ الْقَلَم : 2 ] . وَمَعْنَى الْكَلَام : أُقْسِم بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَة ; قَالَهُ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَابْن جُبَيْر وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَة ; وَمِثْله قَوْل الشَّاعِر : تَذَكَّرْت لَيْلَى فَاعْتَرَتْنِي صَبَابَة فَكَادَ صَمِيم الْقَلْب لَا يَتَقَطَّع وَحَكَى أَبُو اللَّيْث السَّمَرْقَنْدِيّ : أَجْمَعَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ أَنَّ مَعْنَى " لَا أُقْسِم " : أُقْسِم . وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي تَفْسِير : " لَا " قَالَ بَعْضهمْ : " لَا " زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكَلَام لِلزِّينَةِ , وَيَجْرِي فِي كَلَام الْعَرَب زِيَادَة " لَا " كَمَا قَالَ فِي آيَة أُخْرَى : " قَالَ مَا مَنَعَك أَنْ لَا تَسْجُدَ " [ ص : 75 ] . يَعْنِي أَنْ تَسْجُدَ , وَقَالَ بَعْضهمْ : " لَا " : رَدٌّ لِكَلَامِهِمْ حَيْثُ أَنْكَرُوا الْبَعْثَ , فَقَالَ : لَيْسَ الْأَمْر كَمَا زَعَمْتُمْ . قُلْت : وَهَذَا قَوْل الْفَرَّاء ; قَالَ الْفَرَّاء : وَكَثِير مِنْ النَّحْوِيِّينَ يَقُولُونَ " لَا " صِلَة , وَلَا يَجُوز أَنْ يُبْدَأ بِجَحْدٍ ثُمَّ يُجْعَل صِلَة ; لِأَنَّ هَذَا لَوْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ لَمْ يُعْرَف خَبَر فِيهِ جَحْد مِنْ خَبَر لَا جَحْدَ فِيهِ , وَلَكِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ جَاءَ بِالرَّدِّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ أَنْكَرُوا الْبَعْثَ وَالْجَنَّةَ وَالنَّارَ , فَجَاءَ الْإِقْسَام بِالرَّدِّ عَلَيْهِمْ ( فِي كَثِير مِنْ الْكَلَام الْمُبْتَدَأ مِنْهُ وَغَيْر الْمُبْتَدَأ ) وَذَلِكَ كَقَوْلِهِمْ لَا وَاَللَّه لَا أَفْعَل ف " لَا " رَدّ لِكَلَامٍ قَدْ مَضَى , وَذَلِكَ كَقَوْلِك : لَا وَاَللَّه إِنَّ الْقِيَامَةَ لَحَقٌّ , كَأَنَّك أَكَذَبْت قَوْمًا أَنْكَرُوهُ . وَأَنْشَدَ غَيْر الْفَرَّاء لِامْرِئِ الْقَيْس : فَلَا وَأَبِيكِ اِبْنَةَ الْعَامِرِيّ لَا يَدَّعِي الْقَوْمَ أَنِّي أَفِرّ وَقَالَ غُوَيَّة بْن سَلْمَى : أَلَا نَادَتْ أُمَامَةُ بِاحْتِمَالِ لِتَحْزُنَنِي فَلَا بِكِ مَا أُبَالِي وَفَائِدَتهَا تَوْكِيد الْقَسَم فِي الرَّدّ . قَالَ الْفَرَّاء : وَكَانَ مَنْ لَا يَعْرِف هَذِهِ الْجِهَة يَقْرَأ " لَأُقْسِمُ " بِغَيْرِ أَلِف ; كَأَنَّهَا لَام تَأْكِيد دَخَلَتْ عَلَى أُقْسِم , وَهُوَ صَوَاب ; لِأَنَّ الْعَرَبَ تَقُول : لَأُقْسِم بِاَللَّهِ وَهِيَ قِرَاءَة الْحَسَن وَابْن كَثِير وَالزُّهْرِيّ وَابْن هُرْمُز " بِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَة " أَيْ بِيَوْم يَقُوم النَّاس فِيهِ لِرَبِّهِمْ , وَلِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ يُقْسِم بِمَا شَاءَ .
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