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تفسير القرطبي - سورة نوح - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِ أَنْ أَنذِرْ قَوْمَكَ مِن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (1) (نوح) mp3
مَكِّيَّة , وَهِيَ ثَمَان وَعِشْرُونَ آيَة قَدْ مَضَى الْقَوْل فِي " الْأَعْرَاف " أَنَّ نُوحًا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام أَوَّل رَسُول أُرْسِل . وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس عَنْ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ( أَوَّل رَسُول أُرْسِل نُوح وَأُرْسِلَ إِلَى جَمِيع أَهْل الْأَرْض ) . فَلِذَلِكَ لَمَّا كَفَرُوا أَغْرَقَ اللَّه أَهْلَ الْأَرْض جَمِيعًا . وَهُوَ نُوح بْن لَامك بْن متوشلخ بْن أخنوخ وَهُوَ إِدْرِيس بْن يَرِد بْن مهلايل بْن أَنُوش بْن قَيْنَان بْن شيث بْن آدَم عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام . قَالَ وَهْب : كُلّهمْ مُؤْمِنُونَ . أُرْسِلَ إِلَى قَوْمه وَهُوَ اِبْن خَمْسِينَ سَنَة . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : اِبْن أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَة . وَقَالَ عَبْد اللَّه بْن شَدَّاد : بُعِثَ وَهُوَ اِبْن ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَة . وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي سُورَة " الْعَنْكَبُوت " الْقَوْل فِيهِ . وَالْحَمْد لِلَّهِ .

أَيْ بِأَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَك ; فَمَوْضِع " أَنْ " نَصْب بِإِسْقَاطِ الْخَافِض . وَقِيلَ : مَوْضِعهَا جَرّ لِقُوَّةِ خِدْمَتهَا مَعَ " أَنْ " . وَيَجُوز " أَنْ " بِمَعْنَى الْمُفَسِّرَة فَلَا يَكُون لَهَا مَوْضِع مِنْ الْإِعْرَاب ; لِأَنَّ فِي الْإِرْسَال مَعْنَى الْأَمْر , فَلَا حَاجَةَ إِلَى إِضْمَار الْبَاء . وَقِرَاءَة عَبْد اللَّه " أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَك " بِغَيْرِ " أَنْ " بِمَعْنَى قُلْنَا لَهُ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَك . وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ مَعْنَى الْإِنْذَار فِي أَوَّل " الْبَقَرَة " .

قَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : يَعْنِي عَذَاب النَّار فِي الْآخِرَة . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيّ : هُوَ مَا نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ الطُّوفَان . وَقِيلَ : أَيْ أَنْذِرْهُمْ الْعَذَاب الْأَلِيمَ عَلَى الْجُمْلَة إِنْ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا . فَكَانَ يَدْعُو قَوْمَهُ وَيُنْذِرهُمْ فَلَا يَرَى مِنْهُمْ مُجِيبًا ; وَكَانُوا يَضْرِبُونَهُ حَتَّى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ فَيَقُول ( رَبّ اِغْفِرْ لِقَوْمِي فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ ) . وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا مُسْتَوْفًى فِي سُورَة " الْعَنْكَبُوت " وَالْحَمْد لِلَّهِ .
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