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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الحديد - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ (1) (الحديد) mp3
عَنْ الْعِرْبَاض بْن سَارِيَة أَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقْرَأ بِالْمُسَبِّحَاتِ قَبْل أَنْ يَرْقُد وَيَقُول : ( إِنَّ فِيهِنَّ آيَة أَفْضَل مِنْ أَلْف آيَة ) يَعْنِي بِالْمُسَبِّحَاتِ " الْحَدِيد " و " الْحَشْر " و " الصَّفّ " و " الْجُمُعَة " و " التَّغَابُن " .

" سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَوَات وَالْأَرْض " أَيْ مَجَّدَ اللَّه وَنَزَّهَهُ عَنْ السُّوء . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : صَلَّى لِلَّهِ " مَا فِي السَّمَوَات " مِمَّنْ خَلَقَ مِنْ الْمَلَائِكَة " وَالْأَرْض " مِنْ شَيْء فِيهِ رُوح أَوْ لَا رُوح فِيهِ . وَقِيلَ : هُوَ تَسْبِيح الدَّلَالَة . وَأَنْكَرَ الزَّجَّاج هَذَا وَقَالَ : لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا تَسْبِيح الدَّلَالَة وَظُهُور آثَار الصَّنْعَة لَكَانَتْ مَفْهُومَة , فَلِمَ قَالَ : " وَلَكِنْ لَا تَفْقَهُونَ تَسْبِيحهمْ " [ الْإِسْرَاء : 44 ] وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ تَسْبِيح مَقَال . وَاسْتَدَلَّ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : " وَسَخَّرْنَا مَعَ دَاوُد الْجِبَال يُسَبِّحْنَ " [ الْأَنْبِيَاء : 79 ] فَلَوْ كَانَ هَذَا تَسْبِيح دَلَالَة فَأَيّ تَخْصِيص لِدَاوُدَ ؟ ! قُلْت : وَمَا ذَكَرَهُ هُوَ الصَّحِيح , وَقَدْ مَضَى بَيَانه وَالْقَوْل فِيهِ فِي " الْإِسْرَاء " عِنْد قَوْله تَعَالَى : " وَإِنْ مِنْ شَيْء إِلَّا يُسَبِّح بِحَمْدِهِ " [ الْإِسْرَاء : 44 ]

مَعْنَاهُ الْمَنِيع الَّذِي لَا يُنَال وَلَا يُغَالَب . وَقَالَ اِبْن كَيْسَان : مَعْنَاهُ الَّذِي لَا يُعْجِزهُ شَيْء ; دَلِيله : " وَمَا كَانَ اللَّه لِيُعْجِزهُ مِنْ شَيْء فِي السَّمَاوَات وَلَا فِي الْأَرْض " . [ فَاطِر : 44 ] . الْكِسَائِيّ : " الْعَزِيز " الْغَالِب ; وَمِنْهُ قَوْله تَعَالَى : " وَعَزَّنِي فِي الْخِطَاب " [ ص : 23 ] وَفِي الْمَثَل : { مَنْ عَزَّ بَزَّ } أَيْ مَنْ غَلَبَ سَلَبَ . وَقِيلَ : " الْعَزِيز " الَّذِي لَا مِثْل لَهُ ; بَيَانه " لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْء " [ الشُّورَى : 11 ] .

مَعْنَاهُ الْحَاكِم , وَبَيْنهمَا مَزِيد الْمُبَالَغَة . وَقِيلَ مَعْنَاهُ الْمُحْكِم وَيَجِيء الْحَكِيم عَلَى هَذَا مِنْ صِفَات الْفِعْل , صُرِفَ عَنْ مُفْعِل إِلَى فَعِيل , كَمَا صُرِفَ عَنْ مُسْمِع إِلَى سَمِيع وَمُؤْلِم إِلَى أَلِيم , قَالَهُ اِبْن الْأَنْبَارِيّ . وَقَالَ قَوْم : الْمَانِع مِنْ الْفَسَاد , وَمِنْهُ سُمِّيَتْ حَكَمَة اللِّجَام , لِأَنَّهَا تَمْنَع الْفَرَس مِنْ الْجَرْي وَالذَّهَاب فِي غَيْر قَصْد . قَالَ جَرِير : أَبَنِي حَنِيفَة أَحْكِمُوا سُفَهَاءَكُمْ إِنِّي أَخَاف عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ أَغْضَبَا أَيْ اِمْنَعُوهُمْ مِنْ الْفَسَاد . وَقَالَ زُهَيْر : الْقَائِد الْخَيْل مَكْنُوبًا دَوَابِرهَا قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ حَكَمَات الْقِدّ وَالْأَبَقَا الْقِدّ : الْجِلْد . وَالْأَبَق : الْقُنَّب . وَالْعَرَب تَقُول : أَحْكِمْ الْيَتِيم عَنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا , يُرِيدُونَ مَنْعه . وَالسُّورَة الْمُحْكَمَة : الْمَمْنُوعَة مِنْ التَّغْيِير وَكُلّ التَّبْدِيل , وَأَنْ يُلْحَق بِهَا مَا يَخْرُج عَنْهَا , وَيُزَاد عَلَيْهَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهَا , وَالْحِكْمَة مِنْ هَذَا , لِأَنَّهَا تَمْنَع صَاحِبهَا مِنْ الْجَهْل . وَيُقَال : أَحْكَمَ الشَّيْء إِذَا أَتْقَنَهُ وَمَنَعَهُ مِنْ الْخُرُوج عَمَّا يُرِيد . فَهُوَ مُحْكَم وَحَكِيم عَلَى التَّكْثِير .
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