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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الرحمن - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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الرَّحْمَٰنُ (1) (الرحمن) mp3
سُورَة الرَّحْمَن مَكِّيَّة كُلّهَا فِي قَوْل الْحَسَن وَعُرْوَة بْن الزُّبَيْر وَعِكْرِمَة وَعَطَاء وَجَابِر . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : إِلَّا آيَة مِنْهَا هِيَ قَوْله تَعَالَى : " يَسْأَلهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض " [ الرَّحْمَن : 29 ] الْآيَة . وَهِيَ سِتّ وَسَبْعُونَ آيَة .

وَقَالَ اِبْن مَسْعُود وَمُقَاتِل : هِيَ مَدَنِيَّة كُلّهَا . وَالْقَوْل الْأَوَّل أَصَحُّ لِمَا رَوَى عُرْوَة بْن الزُّبَيْر قَالَ : أَوَّل مَنْ جَهَرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ بِمَكَّة بَعْد النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اِبْن مَسْعُود ; وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الصَّحَابَة قَالُوا : مَا سَمِعَتْ قُرَيْش هَذَا الْقُرْآن يُجْهَر بِهِ قَطُّ , فَمَنْ رَجُل يُسْمِعهُمُوهُ ؟ فَقَالَ اِبْن مَسْعُود : أَنَا , فَقَالُوا : إِنَّا نَخْشَى عَلَيْك , وَإِنَّمَا نُرِيد رَجُلًا لَهُ عَشِيرَة يَمْنَعُونَهُ , فَأَبَى ثُمَّ قَامَ عِنْد الْمَقَام فَقَالَ : " بِسْمِ اللَّه الرَّحْمَن الرَّحِيم . الرَّحْمَن . عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآن " [ الرَّحْمَن : 1 - 2 ] ثُمَّ تَمَادَى رَافِعًا بِهَا صَوْته وَقُرَيْش فِي أَنْدِيَتهَا , فَتَأَمَّلُوا وَقَالُوا : مَا يَقُول اِبْن أُمّ عَبْد ؟ قَالُوا : هُوَ يَقُول الَّذِي يَزْعُم مُحَمَّد أَنَّهُ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ , ثُمَّ ضَرَبُوهُ حَتَّى أَثَّرُوا فِي وَجْهه . وَصَحَّ أَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَامَ يُصَلِّي الصُّبْح بِنَخْلَةَ , فَقَرَأَ سُورَة " الرَّحْمَن " وَمَرَّ النَّفَر مِنْ الْجِنّ فَآمَنُوا بِهِ . وَفِي التِّرْمِذِيّ عَنْ جَابِر قَالَ : خَرَجَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى أَصْحَابه فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَة " الرَّحْمَن " مِنْ أَوَّلهَا إِلَى آخِرهَا فَسَكَتُوا , فَقَالَ : ( لَقَدْ قَرَأْتهَا عَلَى الْجِنّ لَيْلَة الْجِنّ فَكَانُوا أَحْسَنَ مَرْدُودًا مِنْكُمْ كُنْت كُلَّمَا أَتَيْت عَلَى قَوْله : " فَبِأَيِّ آلَاءِ رَبّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ " [ الرَّحْمَن : 13 ] قَالُوا لَا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ نِعَمك رَبّنَا نُكَذِّب فَلَك الْحَمْد ) قَالَ : هَذَا حَدِيث غَرِيب . وَفِي هَذَا دَلِيل عَلَى أَنَّهَا مَكِّيَّة وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم .

وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ قَيْس بْن عَاصِم الْمِنْقَرِيّ قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : اُتْلُ عَلَيَّ مِمَّا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْك , فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ سُورَة " الرَّحْمَن " فَقَالَ : أَعِدْهَا , فَأَعَادَهَا ثَلَاثًا , فَقَالَ : وَاَللَّه إِنَّ لَهُ لَطَلَاوَة , وَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ لَحَلَاوَة , وَأَسْفَله لَمُغْدِق , وَأَعْلَاهُ مُثْمِر , وَمَا يَقُول هَذَا بَشَر , وَأَنَا أَشْهَد أَنْ لَا إِلَه إِلَّا اللَّه وَأَنَّك رَسُول اللَّه . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيّ رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ( لِكُلِّ شَيْء عَرُوس وَعَرُوس الْقُرْآن سُورَة الرَّحْمَن ) .

قَالَ سَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر وَعَامِر الشَّعْبِيّ : " الرَّحْمَن " فَاتِحَة ثَلَاث سُوَر إِذَا جُمِعْنَ كُنَّ اِسْمًا مِنْ أَسْمَاء اللَّه تَعَالَى " الر " و " حم " و " ن " فَيَكُون مَجْمُوع هَذِهِ " الرَّحْمَن " .
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