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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الدخان - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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حم (1) (الدخان) mp3
سُورَة الدُّخَان مَكِّيَّة بِاتِّفَاقٍ , إِلَّا قَوْله تَعَالَى : " إِنَّا كَاشِفُو الْعَذَاب قَلِيلًا " [ الدُّخَان : 15 ] . وَهِيَ سَبْع وَخَمْسُونَ آيَة . وَقِيلَ تِسْع . وَفِي مُسْنَد الدَّارِمِيّ عَنْ أَبِي رَافِع قَالَ : ( مَنْ قَرَأَ الدُّخَان فِي لَيْلَة الْجُمْعَة أَصْبَحَ مَغْفُورًا لَهُ وَزُوِّجَ مِنْ الْحُور الْعِين ) رَفَعَهُ الثَّعْلَبِيّ مِنْ حَدِيث أَبِي هُرَيْرَة أَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ( مَنْ قَرَأَ الدُّخَان فِي لَيْلَة الْجُمْعَة أَصْبَحَ مَغْفُورًا لَهُ ) . وَفِي لَفْظ آخَر عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة أَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ( مَنْ قَرَأَ الدُّخَان فِي لَيْلَة أَصْبَحَ يَسْتَغْفِر لَهُ سَبْعُونَ أَلْف مَلَك ) . وَعَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ : سَمِعْت النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُول : ( مَنْ قَرَأَ حم الدُّخَان لَيْلَة الْجُمْعَة أَوْ يَوْم الْجُمْعَة بَنَى اللَّه لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّة ) .

" حم " اُخْتُلِفَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ ; فَقَالَ عِكْرِمَة : قَالَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( " حم " اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء اللَّه تَعَالَى وَهِيَ مَفَاتِيح خَزَائِن رَبّك ) قَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : " حم " اِسْم اللَّه الْأَعْظَم . وَعَنْهُ : " الر " و " حم " و " ن " حُرُوف الرَّحْمَن مُقَطَّعَة . وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا : اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء اللَّه تَعَالَى أَقْسَمَ بِهِ . وَقَالَ قَتَادَة : إِنَّهُ اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء الْقُرْآن . مُجَاهِد : فَوَاتِح السُّوَر . وَقَالَ عَطَاء الْخُرَاسَانِيّ : الْحَاء اِفْتِتَاح اِسْمه حَمِيد وَحَنَّان وَحَلِيم وَحَكِيم , وَالْمِيم اِفْتِتَاح اِسْمه مَلِك وَمَجِيد وَمَنَّان وَمُتَكَبِّر وَمُصَوِّر ; يَدُلّ عَلَيْهِ مَا رَوَى أَنَس أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا سَأَلَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا " حم " فَإِنَّا لَا نَعْرِفهَا فِي لِسَاننَا ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( بَدْء أَسْمَاء وَفَوَاتِح سُوَر ) وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاك وَالْكِسَائِيّ : مَعْنَاهُ قُضِيَ مَا هُوَ كَائِن . كَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ الْإِشَارَة إِلَى تَهَجِّي " حم " ; لِأَنَّهَا تَصِير حُمّ بِضَمِّ الْحَاء وَتَشْدِيد الْمِيم ; أَيْ قُضِيَ وَوَقَعَ . وَقَالَ كَعْب بْن مَالِك : فَلَمَّا تَلَاقَيْنَاهُمْ وَدَارَتْ بِنَا الرَّحَى وَلَيْسَ لِأَمْرٍ حَمَّهُ اللَّه مَدْفَعُ وَعَنْهُ أَيْضًا : إِنَّ الْمَعْنَى حم أَمْر اللَّه أَيْ قَرُبَ ; كَمَا قَالَ الشَّاعِر : قَدْ حُمَّ يَوْمِي فَسُرَّ قَوْم قَوْم بِهِمْ غَفْلَة وَنَوْمُ وَمِنْهُ سُمِّيَتْ الْحُمَّى ; لِأَنَّهَا تُقَرِّب مِنْ الْمَنِيَّة . وَالْمَعْنَى الْمُرَاد قَرُبَ نَصْره لِأَوْلِيَائِهِ , وَانْتِقَامه مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِ كَيَوْمِ بَدْر . وَقِيلَ : حُرُوف هِجَاء ; قَالَ الْجَرْمِيّ : وَلِهَذَا تُقْرَأ سَاكِنَة الْحُرُوف فَخَرَجَتْ مَخْرَج التَّهَجِّي وَإِذَا سُمِّيَتْ سُورَة بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْحُرُوف أُعْرِبَتْ ; فَتَقُول : قَرَأْت " حم " فَتُنْصَب ; قَالَ : يُذَكِّرنِي حَامِيم وَالرُّمْح شَاجِر فَهَلَّا تَلَا حَامِيم قَبْل التَّقَدُّم وَقَرَأَ عِيسَى بْن عُمَر الثَّقَفِيّ : " حم " بِفَتْحِ الْمِيم عَلَى مَعْنَى اِقْرَأْ حم أَوْ لِالْتِقَاءِ السَّاكِنَيْنِ . اِبْن أَبِي إِسْحَاق وَأَبُو السَّمَّال بِكَسْرِهَا . وَالْإِمَالَة وَالْكَسْر لِلِالْتِقَاءِ السَّاكِنَيْنِ , أَوْ عَلَى وَجْه الْقَسَم . وَقَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَر بِقَطْعِ الْحَاء مِنْ الْمِيم . الْبَاقُونَ بِالْوَصْلِ . وَكَذَلِكَ فِي " حم . عسق " . وَقَرَأَ أَبُو عَمْرو وَأَبُو بَكْر وَحَمْزَة وَالْكِسَائِيّ وَخَلَف وَابْن ذَكْوَان بِالْإِمَالَةِ فِي الْحَاء . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرو بَيْن اللَّفْظَيْنِ وَهِيَ قِرَاءَة نَافِع وَأَبِي جَعْفَر وَشَيْبَة . الْبَاقُونَ بِالْفَتْحِ مُشْبَعًا
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