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تفسير القرطبي - سورة القصص - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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طسم (1) (القصص) mp3
سُورَة الْقَصَص مَكِّيَّة إِلَّا مِنْ آيَة 52 إِلَى آيَة 55 فَمَدَنِيَّة وَآيَة 85 فَبِالْجُحْفَةِ أَثْنَاء الْهِجْرَة وَآيَاتهَا 88 نَزَلَتْ بَعْد النَّمْل مَكِّيَّة كُلّهَا فِي قَوْل الْحَسَن وَعِكْرِمَة وَعَطَاء وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَقَتَادَة إِلَّا آيَة نَزَلَتْ بَيْن مَكَّة وَالْمَدِينَة وَقَالَ اِبْن سَلَام : بِالْجُحْفَةِ فِي وَقْت , هِجْرَة رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَة وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : " إِنَّ الَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَيْك الْقُرْآن لَرَادّك إِلَى مَعَاد " [ الْقَصَص : 85 ] وَقَالَ مُقَاتِل : فِيهَا مِنْ الْمَدَنِيّ " الَّذِينَ آتَيْنَاهُمْ الْكِتَاب " [ الْبَقَرَة : 121 ] إِلَى قَوْله : " لَا نَبْتَغِي الْجَاهِلِينَ " [ الْقَصَص : 55 ] وَهِيَ ثَمَانٍ وَثَمَانُونَ آيَة قَرَأَ الْأَعْمَش وَيَحْيَى وَأَبُو بَكْر وَالْمُفَضَّل وَحَمْزَة وَالْكِسَائِيّ وَخَلَف : بِإِمَالَةِ الطَّاء مُشْبَعًا فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَة وَفِي أُخْتَيْهَا . وَقَرَأَ نَافِع وَأَبُو جَعْفَر وَشَيْبَة وَالزُّهْرِيّ : بَيْن اللَّفْظَيْنِ ; وَاخْتَارَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْد وَأَبُو حَاتِم . وَقَرَأَ الْبَاقُونَ بِالْفَتْحِ مُشْبَعًا . قَالَ الثَّعْلَبِيّ : وَهِيَ كُلّهَا لُغَات فَصِيحَة . وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي [ طه ] قَوْل النَّحَّاس فِي هَذَا . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : وَقَرَأَ الْمَدَنِيُّونَ وَأَبُو عَمْرو وَعَاصِم وَالْكِسَائِيّ : " طسم " بِإِدْغَامِ النُّون فِي الْمِيم , وَالْفَرَّاء يَقُول بِإِخْفَاءِ النُّون . وَقَرَأَ الْأَعْمَش : وَحَمْزَة : " طسين مِيم " بِإِظْهَارِ النُّون . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : لِلنُّونِ السَّاكِنَة وَالتَّنْوِين أَرْبَعَة أَقْسَام عِنْد سِيبَوَيْهِ : يُبَيَّنَانِ عِنْد حُرُوف الْحَلْق , وَيُدْغَمَانِ عِنْد الرَّاء وَاللَّام وَالْمِيم وَالْوَاو وَالْيَاء , وَيُقْلَبَانِ مِيمًا عِنْد الْبَاء وَيَكُونَانِ مِنْ الْخَيَاشِيم ; أَيْ لَا يُبَيَّنَانِ ; فَعَلَى هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَة الْأَقْسَام الَّتِي نَصَّهَا سِيبَوَيْهِ لَا تَجُوز هَذِهِ الْقِرَاءَة ; لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ هَا هُنَا حَرْف مِنْ حُرُوف الْحَلْق فَتُبَيَّن النُّون عِنْده , وَلَكِنْ فِي ذَلِكَ وُجَيْه : وَهُوَ أَنَّ حُرُوف الْمُعْجَم حُكْمهَا أَنْ يُوقَف عَلَيْهَا , فَإِذَا وُقِفَ عَلَيْهَا تَبَيَّنَتْ النُّون . قَالَ الثَّعْلَبِيّ : الْإِدْغَام اِخْتِيَار أَبِي عُبَيْد وَأَبِي حَاتِم قِيَاسًا عَلَى كُلّ الْقُرْآن , وَإِنَّمَا أَظْهَرَهَا أُولَئِكَ لِلتَّبْيِينِ وَالتَّمْكِين , وَأَدْغَمَهَا هَؤُلَاءِ لِمُجَاوَرَتِهَا حُرُوف الْفَم . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : وَحَكَى أَبُو إِسْحَاق فِي كِتَابه [ فِيمَا يُجْرَى وَفِيمَا لَا يُجْرَى ] أَنَّهُ يَجُوز أَنْ يُقَال : " طسين مِيم " بِفَتْحِ النُّون وَضَمّ الْمِيم , كَمَا يُقَال هَذَا مَعْدِي كَرِبُ . وَقَالَ قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِم : قَرَأَ خَالِد : " طسين مِيم " . اِبْن عَبَّاس : " طسم " قَسَم وَهُوَ اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء اللَّه تَعَالَى , . وَقَالَ قَتَادَة : اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء الْقُرْآن أَقْسَمَ اللَّه بِهِ . مُجَاهِد : هُوَ اِسْم السُّورَة ; وَيَحْسُن اِفْتِتَاح السُّورَة . الرَّبِيع : حِسَاب مُدَّة قَوْم . وَقِيلَ : قَارِعَة تَحُلّ بِقَوْمٍ . " طسم " وَ " طس " وَاحِد . قَالَ : وَفَاؤُكُمَا كَالرَّبِيعِ أَشْجَاهُ طَاسِمُهْ بِأَنْ تَسْعَدَا وَالدَّمْع أَشْفَاهُ سَاجِمهْ وَقَالَ الْقَرَظِيّ : أَقْسَمَ اللَّه بِطَوْلِهِ وَسَنَائِهِ وَمُلْكه . وَقَالَ عَبْد اللَّه بْن مُحَمَّد بْن عَقِيل : الطَّاء طُور سَيْنَاء وَالسِّين إِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة وَالْمِيم مَكَّة . وَقَالَ جَعْفَر بْن مُحَمَّد بْن عَلِيّ : الطَّاء شَجَرَة طُوبَى , وَالسِّين سِدْرَة الْمُنْتَهَى , وَالْمِيم مُحَمَّد صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَقِيلَ : الطَّاء مِنْ الطَّاهِر وَالسِّين مِنْ الْقُدُّوس - وَقِيلَ : مِنْ السَّمِيع وَقِيلَ : مِنْ السَّلَام - وَالْمِيم مِنْ الْمَجِيد . وَقِيلَ : مِنْ الرَّحِيم . وَقِيلَ : مِنْ الْمَلِك . وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي أَوَّل سُورَة [ الْبَقَرَة ] . وَالطَّوَاسِيم وَالطَّوَاسِين سُوَر فِي الْقُرْآن جُمِعَتْ عَلَى غَيْر قِيَاس . وَأَنْشَدَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَة : وَبِالطَّوَاسِيمِ الَّتِي قَدْ ثُلِّثَتْ وَبِالْحَوَامِيمِ الَّتِي قَدْ سُبِّعَتْ قَالَ الْجَوْهَرِيّ : وَالصَّوَاب أَنْ تُجْمَع بِذَوَاتِ وَتُضَاف إِلَى وَاحِد , فَيُقَال : ذَوَات طسم وَذَوَات حم .
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