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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الشعراء - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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طسم (1) (الشعراء) mp3
سُورَة الشُّعَرَاء : هِيَ مَكِّيَّة فِي قَوْل الْجُمْهُور . وَقَالَ مُقَاتِل : مِنْهَا مَدَنِيّ ; الْآيَة الَّتِي يُذْكَر فِيهَا الشُّعَرَاء , وَقَوْله : " أَوَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ آيَة أَنْ يَعْلَمهُ عُلَمَاء بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل " [ الشُّعَرَاء : 197 ] . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَقَتَادَة : مَكِّيَّة إِلَّا أَرْبَع آيَات مِنْهَا نَزَلَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ قَوْله : " وَالشُّعَرَاء يَتَّبِعهُمْ الْغَاوُونَ " [ الشُّعَرَاء : 224 ] إِلَى آخِرهَا . وَهِيَ مِائَتَانِ وَسَبْع وَعِشْرُونَ آيَة . وَفِي رِوَايَة : سِتّ وَعِشْرُونَ . وَعَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس قَالَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ( أُعْطِيت السُّورَة الَّتِي تُذْكَر فِيهَا الْبَقَرَة مِنْ الذِّكْر الْأَوَّل وَأُعْطِيت طه وَطسم مِنْ أَلْوَاح مُوسَى وَأُعْطِيت فَوَاتِح الْقُرْآن وَخَوَاتِيم سُورَة الْبَقَرَة مِنْ تَحْت الْعَرْش وَأُعْطِيت الْمُفَصَّل نَافِلَة ) . وَعَنْ الْبَرَاء بْن عَازِب أَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : ( إِنَّ اللَّه أَعْطَانِي السَّبْع الطِّوَال مَكَان التَّوْرَاة وَأَعْطَانِي الْمُبِين مَكَان الْإِنْجِيل وَأَعْطَانِي الطَّوَاسِين مَكَان الزَّبُور وَفَضَّلَنِي بِالْحَوَامِيمِ وَالْمُفَصَّل مَا قَرَأَهُنَّ نَبِيّ قَبْلِي ) .

قَرَأَ الْأَعْمَش وَيَحْيَى وَأَبُو بَكْر وَالْمُفَضَّل وَحَمْزَة وَالْكِسَائِيّ وَخَلَف : بِإِمَالَةِ الطَّاء مُشْبَعًا فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَة وَفِي أُخْتَيْهَا . وَقَرَأَ نَافِع وَأَبُو جَعْفَر وَشَيْبَة وَالزُّهْرِيّ : بَيْن اللَّفْظَيْنِ ; وَاخْتَارَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْد وَأَبُو حَاتِم . وَقَرَأَ الْبَاقُونَ بِالْفَتْحِ مُشْبَعًا . قَالَ الثَّعْلَبِيّ : وَهِيَ كُلّهَا لُغَات فَصَيْحَة . وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي " طه " قَوْل النَّحَّاس فِي هَذَا . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : وَقَرَأَ الْمَدَنِيُّونَ وَأَبُو عَمْرو وَعَاصِم وَالْكِسَائِيّ : " طسم " بِإِدْغَامِ النُّون فِي الْمِيم , وَالْفَرَّاء يَقُول بِإِخْفَاءِ النُّون . وَقَرَأَ الْأَعْمَش : وَحَمْزَة : " طسين مِيم " بِإِظْهَارِ النُّون . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : لِلنُّونِ السَّاكِنَة وَالتَّنْوِين أَرْبَعَة أَقْسَام عِنْد سِيبَوَيْهِ : يُبَيَّنَانِ عِنْد حُرُوف الْحَلْق , وَيُدْغَمَانِ عِنْد الرَّاء وَاللَّام وَالْمِيم وَالْوَاو وَالْيَاء , وَيُقْلَبَانِ مِيمًا عِنْد الْبَاء وَيَكُونَانِ مِنْ الْخَيَاشِيم ; أَيْ لَا يُبَيَّنَانِ ; فَعَلَى هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَة الْأَقْسَام الَّتِي نَصَّهَا سِيبَوَيْهِ لَا تَجُوز هَذِهِ الْقِرَاءَة ; لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ هَاهُنَا حَرْف مِنْ حُرُوف الْحَلْق فَتُبَيَّن النُّون عِنْده , وَلَكِنْ فِي ذَلِكَ وُجَيْه : وَهُوَ أَنَّ حُرُوف الْمُعْجَم حُكْمهَا أَنْ يُوقَف عَلَيْهَا , فَإِذَا وَقَفَ عَلَيْهَا تَبَيَّنَتْ النُّون . قَالَ الثَّعْلَبِيّ : الْإِدْغَام اِخْتِيَار أَبِي عُبَيْد وَأَبِي حَاتِم قِيَاسًا عَلَى كُلّ الْقُرْآن , وَإِنَّمَا أَظْهَرَهَا أُولَئِكَ لِلتَّبْيِينِ وَالتَّمْكِين , وَأَدْغَمَهَا هَؤُلَاءِ لِمُجَاوَرَتِهَا حُرُوف الْفَم . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : وَحَكَى أَبُو إِسْحَاق فِي كِتَابه " فِيمَا يَجْرِي وَفِيمَا لَا يَجْرِي " أَنَّهُ يَجُوز أَنْ يُقَال : " طسين مِيم " بِفَتْحِ النُّون وَضَمّ الْمِيم , كَمَا يُقَال هَذَا مَعْدِي كَرِبُ . وَقَالَ أَبُو حَاتِم : قَرَأَ خَالِد : " طسين مِيم " . اِبْن عَبَّاس : " طسم " قَسَم وَهُوَ اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء اللَّه تَعَالَى , وَالْمُقْسَم عَلَيْهِ : " إِنْ نَشَأْ نُنَزِّل عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ السَّمَاء آيَة " . وَقَالَ قَتَادَة : اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء الْقُرْآن أَقْسَمَ اللَّه بِهِ . مُجَاهِد : هُوَ اِسْم السُّورَة ; وَيُحَسِّن اِفْتِتَاح السُّورَة . الرَّبِيع : حِسَاب مُدَّة قَوْم . وَقِيلَ : قَارِعَة تَحُلّ بِقَوْمٍ . " طسم " وَ " طس " وَاحِد . قَالَ : وَفَاؤُكُمَا كَالرَّبْعِ أَشْجَاهُ طَاسِمُهْ بِأَنْ تُسْعِدَا وَالدَّمْع أَشْفَاهُ سَاجِمهْ وَقَالَ الْقَرَظِيّ : أَقْسَمَ اللَّه بِطَوْلِهِ وَسَنَائِهِ وَمُلْكه . وَقَالَ عَبْد اللَّه بْن مُحَمَّد بْن عَقِيل : الطَّاء طُور سَيْنَاء وَالسِّين إِسْكَنْدَرِيَّة وَالْمِيم مَكَّة . وَقَالَ جَعْفَر بْن مُحَمَّد بْن عَلِيّ : الطَّاء شَجَرَة طُوبَى , وَالسِّين سِدْرَة الْمُنْتَهَى , وَالْمِيم مُحَمَّد صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَقِيلَ : الطَّاء مِنْ الطَّاهِر وَالسِّين مِنْ الْقُدُّوس - وَقِيلَ : مِنْ السَّمِيع وَقِيلَ : مِنْ السَّلَام - وَالْمِيم مِنْ الْمَجِيد . وَقِيلَ : مِنْ الرَّحِيم . وَقِيلَ : مِنْ الْمَلِك . وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي أَوَّل سُورَة " الْبَقَرَة " . وَالطَّوَاسِيم وَالطَّوَاسِين سُوَر فِي الْقُرْآن جُمِعَتْ عَلَى غَيْر قِيَاس . وَأَنْشَدَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَة : وَبِالطَّوَاسِيم الَّتِي قَدْ ثُلِّثَتْ وَبِالْحَوَامِيمِ الَّتِي قَدْ سُبِّعَتْ قَالَ الْجَوْهَرِيّ : وَالصَّوَاب أَنْ تُجْمَع بِذَوَاتِ وَتُضَاف إِلَى وَاحِد , فَيُقَال : ذَوَات طسم وَذَوَات حم .
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