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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الفرقان - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَالَمِينَ نَذِيرًا (1) (الفرقان) mp3
مَكِّيَّة كُلّهَا فِي قَوْل الْجُمْهُور . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَقَتَادَة : إِلَّا ثَلَاث آيَات مِنْهَا نَزَلَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ , وَهِيَ : " وَاَلَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّه إِلَهًا آخَر " [ الْفُرْقَان : 68 ] إِلَى قَوْله : " وَكَانَ اللَّه غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا " [ الْفَتْح : 14 ] . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاك : هِيَ مَدَنِيَّة , وَفِيهَا آيَات مَكِّيَّة ; قَوْله : " وَاَلَّذِينَ لَا يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّه إِلَهًا آخَر " الْآيَات . وَمَقْصُود هَذِهِ السُّورَة ذِكْر مَوْضِع عِظَم الْقُرْآن , وَذِكْر مَطَاعِن الْكُفَّار فِي النُّبُوَّة وَالرَّدّ عَلَى مَقَالَاتهمْ وَجَهَالَاتهمْ ; فَمِنْ جُمْلَتهَا قَوْلهمْ : إِنَّ الْقُرْآن اِفْتَرَاهُ مُحَمَّد , وَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ عِنْد اللَّه .

" تَبَارَكَ " اُخْتُلِفَ فِي مَعْنَاهُ ; فَقَالَ الْفَرَّاء : هُوَ فِي الْعَرَبِيَّة وَ " تَقَدَّسَ " وَاحِد , وَهُمَا لِلْعَظَمَةِ . وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاج : " تَبَارَكَ " تَفَاعَلَ مِنْ الْبَرَكَة . قَالَ : وَمَعْنَى الْبَرَكَة الْكَثْرَة مِنْ كُلّ ذِي خَيْر . وَقِيلَ : " تَبَارَكَ " تَعَالَى . وَقِيلَ : تَعَالَى عَطَاؤُهُ , أَيْ زَادَ وَكَثُرَ . وَقِيلَ : الْمَعْنَى دَامَ وَثَبَتَ إِنْعَامه . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : وَهَذَا أَوْلَاهَا فِي اللُّغَة وَالِاشْتِقَاق ; مِنْ بَرَكَ الشَّيْء إِذَا ثَبَتَ ; وَمِنْهُ بَرَكَ الْجَمَل وَالطَّيْر عَلَى الْمَاء , أَيْ دَامَ وَثَبَتَ . فَأَمَّا الْقَوْل الْأَوَّل فَمُخَلَّط ; لِأَنَّ التَّقْدِيس إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنْ الطَّهَارَة وَلَيْسَ مِنْ ذَا فِي شَيْء . قَالَ الثَّعْلَبِيّ : وَيُقَال تَبَارَكَ اللَّه , وَلَا يُقَال مُتَبَارَك وَلَا مُبَارَك ; لِأَنَّهُ يُنْتَهَى فِي أَسْمَائِهِ وَصِفَاته إِلَى حَيْثُ وَرَدَ التَّوْقِيف . وَقَالَ الطِّرِمَّاح : تَبَارَكْت لَا مُعْطٍ لِشَيْءٍ مَنَعْته وَلَيْسَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْت يَا رَبّ مَانِع وَقَالَ آخَر : تَبَارَكْت مَا تُقَدِّر يَقَع وَلَك الشُّكْر قُلْت : قَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْض الْعُلَمَاء فِي أَسْمَائِهِ الْحُسْنَى " الْمُبَارَك " وَذَكَرْنَاهُ أَيْضًا فِي كِتَابنَا . فَإِنْ كَانَ وَقَعَ اِتِّفَاق عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُقَال فَيُسَلَّم لِلْإِجْمَاعِ . وَإِنْ كَانَ وَقَعَ فِيهِ اِخْتِلَاف فَكَثِير مِنْ الْأَسْمَاء اِخْتَلَفَ فِي عَدّه ; كَالدَّهْرِ وَغَيْره . وَقَدْ نَبَّهْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ هُنَالِكَ , وَالْحَمْد لِلَّهِ . وَ " الْفُرْقَان " الْقُرْآن . وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهُ اِسْم لِكُلِّ مُنَزَّل ; كَمَا قَالَ : " وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى وَهَارُون الْفُرْقَان " [ الْأَنْبِيَاء : 48 ] . وَفِي تَسْمِيَته فُرْقَانًا وَجْهَانِ : أَحَدهمَا : لِأَنَّهُ فَرَقَ بَيْن الْحَقّ وَالْبَاطِل , وَالْمُؤْمِن وَالْكَافِر . الثَّانِي : لِأَنَّ فِيهِ بَيَان مَا شَرَعَ مِنْ حَلَال وَحَرَام ; حَكَاهُ النَّقَّاش .

يُرِيد مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .

اِسْم " يَكُون " فِيهَا مُضْمَر يَعُود عَلَى " عَبْده " وَهُوَ أَوْلَى لِأَنَّهُ أَقْرَب إِلَيْهِ . وَيَجُوز أَنْ يَكُون يَعُود عَلَى " الْفُرْقَان " . وَقَرَأَ عَبْد اللَّه بْن الزُّبَيْر : " عَلَى عِبَاده " . وَيُقَال : أَنْذَرَ إِذَا خَوَّفَ ; وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ فِي أَوَّل " الْبَقَرَة " . وَالنَّذِير : الْمُحَذِّر مِنْ الْهَلَاك . الْجَوْهَرِيّ : وَالنَّذِير الْمُنْذِر , وَالنَّذِير الْإِنْذَار . وَالْمُرَاد بِ " الْعَالَمِينَ " هُنَا الْإِنْس وَالْجِنّ , لِأَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ كَانَ رَسُولًا إِلَيْهِمَا , وَنَذِيرًا لَهُمَا , وَأَنَّهُ خَاتَم الْأَنْبِيَاء , وَلَمْ يَكُنْ غَيْره عَامّ الرِّسَالَة إِلَّا نُوح فَإِنَّهُ عَمَّ بِرِسَالَتِهِ جَمِيع الْإِنْس بَعْد الطُّوفَان , لِأَنَّهُ بَدَأَ بِهِ الْخَلْق .
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