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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الأنبياء - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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اقْتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابُهُمْ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ مُّعْرِضُونَ (1) (الأنبياء) mp3
قَالَ عَبْد اللَّه بْن مَسْعُود : الْكَهْف وَمَرْيَم وَطَه وَالْأَنْبِيَاء مِنْ الْعِتَاق الْأُوَل , وَهُنَّ مِنْ تِلَادِي يُرِيد مِنْ قَدِيم مَا كُسِبَ وَحُفِظَ مِنْ الْقُرْآن كَالْمَالِ التِّلَاد . وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَاب رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَبْنِي جِدَارًا فَمَرَّ بِهِ آخَر فِي يَوْم نُزُول هَذِهِ السُّورَة , فَقَالَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَبْنِي الْجِدَار : مَاذَا نَزَلَ الْيَوْم مِنْ الْقُرْآن ؟ فَقَالَ الْآخَر : نَزَلَ " اِقْتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابهمْ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَة مُعْرِضُونَ " فَنَفَّضَ يَده مِنْ الْبُنْيَان , وَقَالَ : وَاَللَّه لَا بَنَيْت أَبَدًا وَقَدْ اِقْتَرَبَ الْحِسَاب

" اِقْتَرَبَ " أَيْ قَرُبَ الْوَقْت الَّذِي يُحَاسَبُونَ فِيهِ عَلَى أَعْمَالهمْ .

" لِلنَّاسِ " قَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : الْمُرَاد بِالنَّاسِ هُنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ بِدَلِيلِ قَوْله تَعَالَى : " إِلَّا اِسْتَمَعُوهُ وَهُمْ يَلْعَبُونَ " إِلَى قَوْله : " أَفَتَأْتُونَ السِّحْر وَأَنْتُمْ تُبْصِرُونَ " . وَقِيلَ : النَّاس عُمُوم وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُشَار إِلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْت كُفَّار قُرَيْش ; يَدُلّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا بَعْد مِنْ الْآيَات ; وَمَنْ عَلِمَ اِقْتِرَاب السَّاعَة قَصُرَ أَمَله , وَطَابَتْ نَفْسه بِالتَّوْبَةِ , وَلَمْ يَرْكَن إِلَى الدُّنْيَا , فَكَأَنَّ مَا كَانَ لَمْ يَكُنْ إِذَا ذَهَبَ , وَكُلّ آتٍ قَرِيب , وَالْمَوْت لَا مَحَالَة آتٍ ; وَمَوْت كُلّ إِنْسَان قِيَام سَاعَته ; وَالْقِيَامَة أَيْضًا قَرِيبَة بِالْإِضَافَةِ إِلَى مَا مَضَى مِنْ الزَّمَان , فَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ الدُّنْيَا أَقَلّ مِمَّا مَضَى . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاك : مَعْنَى " اِقْتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابهمْ " أَيْ عَذَابهمْ يَعْنِي أَهْل مَكَّة ; لِأَنَّهُمْ اِسْتَبْطَئُوا مَا وُعِدُوا بِهِ مِنْ الْعَذَاب تَكْذِيبًا , وَكَانَ قَتْلهمْ يَوْم بَدْر . النَّحَّاس : وَلَا يَجُوز فِي الْكَلَام اِقْتَرَبَ حِسَابهمْ لِلنَّاسِ ; لِئَلَّا يَتَقَدَّم مُضْمَر عَلَى مُظْهَر لَا يَجُوز أَنْ يَنْوِي بِهِ التَّأْخِير .


اِبْتِدَاء وَخَبَر . وَيَجُوز النَّصْب فِي غَيْر الْقُرْآن عَلَى الْحَال . وَفِيهِ وَجْهَانِ : أَحَدهمَا : " وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَة مُعْرِضُونَ " يَعْنِي بِالدُّنْيَا عَنْ الْآخِرَة . الثَّانِي : عَنْ التَّأَهُّب لِلْحِسَابِ وَعَمَّا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّد صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَهَذَا الْوَاو عِنْد سِيبَوَيْهِ بِمَعْنَى " إِذْ " وَهِيَ الَّتِي يُسَمِّيهَا النَّحْوِيُّونَ وَاو الْحَال ; كَمَا قَالَ اللَّه تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : " يَغْشَى طَائِفَة مِنْكُمْ وَطَائِفَة قَدْ أَهَمَّتْهُمْ أَنْفُسهمْ " [ آل عِمْرَان : 154 ] .
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