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تفسير القرطبي - سورة مريم - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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كهيعص (1) (مريم) mp3
سُورَة مَرْيَم مَكِّيَّة إِلَّا آيَتَيْ ( 58 ) و ( 71 ) فَمَدَنِيَّتَانِ وَآيَاتهَا 98 نَزَلَتْ بَعْد فَاطِر وَلَمَّا كَانَتْ وَقْعَة بَدْر , وَقَتَلَ اللَّه فِيهَا صَنَادِيد الْكُفَّار , قَالَ كُفَّار قُرَيْش : إِنَّ ثَأْركُمْ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَة , فَأَهْدُوا إِلَى النَّجَاشِيّ , وَابْعَثُوا إِلَيْهِ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ ذَوَيْ رَأْيكُمْ لَعَلَّهُ يُعْطِيكُمْ مَنْ عِنْده مِنْ قُرَيْش , فَتَقْتُلُونَهُمْ بِمَنْ قُتِلَ مِنْكُمْ بِبَدْرٍ ; فَبَعَثَ كُفَّار قُرَيْش عَمْرو بْن الْعَاص وَعَبْد اللَّه بْن أَبِي رَبِيعَة , فَسَمِعَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِبَعْثِهِمَا , فَبَعَثَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَمْرو بْن أُمَيَّة الضَّمْرِيّ , وَكَتَبَ مَعَهُ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيّ , فَقَدِمَ عَلَى النَّجَاشِيّ , فَقَرَأَ كِتَاب رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , ثُمَّ دَعَا جَعْفَر بْن أَبِي طَالِب وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ , وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الرُّهْبَان وَالْقِسِّيسِينَ فَجَمَعَهُمْ , ثُمَّ أَمَرَ جَعْفَر أَنْ يَقْرَأ عَلَيْهِمْ الْقُرْآن , فَقَرَأَ سُورَة مَرْيَم " كهيعص " وَقَامُوا تُفِيض أَعْيُنهمْ مِنْ الدَّمْع , فَهُمْ الَّذِينَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّه تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ " وَلَتَجِدَنَّ أَقْرَبهمْ مَوَدَّة لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّا نَصَارَى ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ مِنْهُمْ قِسِّيسِينَ وَرُهْبَانًا وَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ " [ الْمَائِدَة : 82 ] . وَقَرَأَ إِلَى قَوْله : " الشَّاهِدِينَ " . ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو دَاوُد . وَفِي السِّيرَة ; فَقَالَ النَّجَاشِيّ : هَلْ مَعَك مِمَّا جَاءَ بِهِ عَنْ اللَّه شَيْء ؟ قَالَ جَعْفَر : نَعَمْ ; فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّجَاشِيّ : اِقْرَأْهُ عَلَيَّ . قَالَ : فَقَرَأَ " كهيعص " فَبَكَى وَاَللَّه النَّجَاشِيّ حَتَّى أَخْضَلَ لِحْيَته , وَبَكَتْ أَسَاقِفَتهمْ حَتَّى أَخْضَلُوا لِحَاهُمْ حِين سَمِعُوا مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ ; فَقَالَ النَّجَاشِيّ : هَذَا وَاَلَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مُوسَى لَيَخْرُج مِنْ مِشْكَاة وَاحِدَة , اِنْطَلِقَا فَوَاَللَّهِ لَا أُسَلِّمهُمْ إِلَيْكُمَا أَبَدًا ; وَذَكَرَ تَمَام الْخَبَر .

قَوْله تَعَالَى : " كهيعص تَقَدَّمَ الْكَلَام فِي أَوَائِل السُّوَر . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس فِي " كهيعص " : إِنَّ الْكَاف مِنْ كَافٍ , وَالْهَاء مِنْ هَادٍ , وَالْيَاء مِنْ حَكِيم , وَالْعَيْن مِنْ عَلِيم , وَالصَّاد مِنْ صَادِق , ذَكَرَهُ اِبْن عَزِيز الْقُشَيْرِيّ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس ; مَعْنَاهُ كَافٍ لِخَلْقِهِ , هَادٍ لِعِبَادِهِ , يَده فَوْق أَيْدِيهمْ , عَالِم بِهِمْ , صَادِق فِي وَعْده ; ذَكَرَهُ الثَّعْلَبِيّ عَنْ الْكَلْبِيّ /و السُّدِّيّ وَمُجَاهِد وَالضَّحَّاك . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيّ أَيْضًا : الْكَاف مِنْ كَرِيم وَكَبِير وَكَافٍ , وَالْهَاء مِنْ هَادٍ , وَالْيَاء مِنْ رَحِيم , وَالْعَيْن مِنْ عَلِيم وَعَظِيم , وَالصَّاد مِنْ صَادِق ; وَالْمَعْنَى وَاحِد . وَعَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس أَيْضًا : هُوَ اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء اللَّه تَعَالَى ; وَعَنْ عَلِيّ رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ هُوَ اِسْم اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَكَانَ يَقُول : يَا كهيعص اِغْفِرْ لِي ; ذَكَرَهُ الْغَزْنَوِيّ . السُّدِّيّ : هُوَ اِسْم اللَّه الْأَعْظَم الَّذِي سُئِلَ بِهِ أَعْطَى , وَإِذَا دُعِيَ بِهِ أَجَابَ . وَقَتَادَة : هُوَ اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء الْقُرْآن ; ذَكَرَهُ عَبْد الرَّزَّاق . عَنْ مَعْمَر عَنْهُ . وَقِيلَ : هُوَ اِسْم لِلسُّورَةِ ; وَهُوَ اِخْتِيَار الْقُشَيْرِيّ فِي أَوَائِل الْحُرُوف ; وَعَلَى هَذَا قِيلَ : تَمَام الْكَلَام عِنْد قَوْله : " كهيعص " كَأَنَّهُ إِعْلَام بِاسْمِ السُّورَة , كَمَا تَقُول : كِتَاب كَذَا أَوْ بَاب كَذَا ثُمَّ تَشْرَع فِي الْمَقْصُود . وَقَرَأَ اِبْن جَعْفَر هَذِهِ الْحُرُوف مُتَقَطِّعَة , وَوَصَلَهَا الْبَاقُونَ , وَأَمَالَ أَبُو عَمْرو الْهَاء وَفَتَحَ الْيَاء , وَابْن عَامِر وَحَمْزَة بِالْعَكْسِ , وَأَمَالَهُمَا جَمِيعًا الْكِسَائِيّ وَأَبُو بَكْر وَخَلَف . وَقَرَأَهُمَا بَيْن اللَّفْظَيْنِ أَهْل الْمَدِينَة نَافِع وَغَيْره . وَفَتَحَهُمَا الْبَاقُونَ . وَعَنْ خَارِجَة أَنَّ الْحَسَن كَانَ يَضُمّ كَاف , وَحَكَى غَيْره أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَضُمّ هَا , وَحَكَى إِسْمَاعِيل بْن إِسْحَاق أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَضُمّ يَا . قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِم : وَلَا يَجُوز ضَمّ الْكَاف وَالْهَاء وَالْيَاء ; قَالَ النَّحَّاس : قِرَاءَة أَهْل الْمَدِينَة مِنْ أَحْسَن مَا فِي هَذَا , وَالْإِمَالَة جَائِزَة فِي هَا و يَا . وَأَمَّا قِرَاءَة الْحَسَن فَأَشْكَلَتْ عَلَى جَمَاعَة حَتَّى قَالُوا : لَا تَجُوز ; مِنْهُمْ أَبُو حَاتِم . وَالْقَوْل فِيهَا مَا بَيَّنَهُ هَارُون الْقَارِئ ; قَالَ : كَانَ الْحَسَن يُشِمّ الرَّفْع ; فَمَعْنَى هَذَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُومِئ ; كَمَا حَكَى سِيبَوَيْهِ أَنَّ مِنْ الْعَرَب مَنْ يَقُول : الصَّلَاة وَالزَّكَاة يُومِئ إِلَى الْوَاو , وَلِهَذَا كَتَبَهَا فِي الْمُصْحَف بِالْوَاوِ . وَأَظْهَرَ الدَّال مِنْ هِجَاء " ص " نَافِع وَابْن كَثِير وَعَاصِم وَيَعْقُوب , وَهُوَ اِخْتِيَار أَبِي عُبَيْد ; وَأَدْغَمَهَا الْبَاقُونَ .
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