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تفسير القرطبي - سورة إبراهيم - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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الر ۚ كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (1) (إبراهيم) mp3
سُورَة إِبْرَاهِيم مَكِّيَّة كُلّهَا فِي قَوْل الْحَسَن وَعِكْرِمَة وَجَابِر . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَقَتَادَة : إِلَّا آيَتَيْنِ مِنْهَا مَدَنِيَّتَيْنِ وَقِيلَ : ثَلَاث , نَزَلَتْ فِي الَّذِينَ حَارَبُوا اللَّه وَرَسُوله وَهِيَ قَوْله تَعَالَى : " أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَة اللَّه كُفْرًا " [ إِبْرَاهِيم : 28 ] إِلَى قَوْله : " فَإِنَّ مَصِيركُمْ إِلَى النَّار " [ إِبْرَاهِيم : 30 ] .

قَالَ النَّحَّاس : قُرِئَ عَلَى ابْن جَعْفَر أَحْمَد بْن شُعَيْب بْن عَلِيّ بْن الْحُسَيْن بْن حُرَيْث قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيّ بْن الْحُسَيْن عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَزِيد أَنَّ عِكْرِمَة حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس : الر , وحم , ونون , حُرُوف الرَّحْمَن مُفَرَّقَة ; فَحَدَّثْت بِهِ الْأَعْمَش فَقَالَ : عِنْدك أَشْبَاه هَذَا وَلَا تُخْبِرنِي بِهِ ؟ وَعَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس أَيْضًا قَالَ : " الر " أَنَا اللَّه أَرَى . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : وَرَأَيْت أَبَا إِسْحَاق يَمِيل إِلَى هَذَا الْقَوْل ; لِأَنَّ سِيبَوَيْهِ قَدْ حَكَى عَنْ الْعَرَب وَأَنْشَدَ : بِالْخَيْرِ خَيْرَات وَإِنْ شَرًّا فَا وَلَا أُرِيد الشَّرّ إِلَّا أَنْ تَا وَقَالَ الْحَسَن وَعِكْرِمَة " الر " قَسَم . وَقَالَ سَعِيد عَنْ قَتَادَة : " الر " اِسْم السُّورَة ; قَالَ : وَكَذَلِكَ كُلّ هِجَاء فِي الْقُرْآن . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِد : هِيَ فَوَاتِح السُّوَر . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّد بْن يَزِيد : هِيَ تَنْبِيه , وَكَذَا حُرُوف التَّهَجِّي . وَقُرِئَ " الر " مِنْ غَيْر إِمَالَة . وَقُرِئَ بِالْإِمَالَةِ لِئَلَّا تُشْبِه مَا وَلَا مِنْ الْحُرُوف .


أَيْ بِالْكِتَابِ , وَهُوَ الْقُرْآن , أَيْ بِدُعَائِك إِلَيْهِ . " مِنْ الظُّلُمَات إِلَى النُّور " أَيْ مِنْ ظُلُمَات الْكُفْر وَالضَّلَالَة وَالْجَهْل إِلَى نُور الْإِيمَان وَالْعِلْم ; وَهَذَا عَلَى التَّمْثِيل ; لِأَنَّ الْكُفْر بِمَنْزِلَةِ الظُّلْمَة ; وَالْإِسْلَام بِمَنْزِلَةِ النُّور . وَقِيلَ : مِنْ الْبِدْعَة إِلَى السُّنَّة , وَمِنْ الشَّكّ إِلَى الْيَقِين , وَالْمَعْنَى . مُتَقَارِب .


أَيْ بِتَوْفِيقِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ وَلُطْفه بِهِمْ , وَالْبَاء فِي " بِإِذْنِ رَبّهمْ " مُتَعَلِّقَة ب " تُخْرِج " وَأُضِيفَ الْفِعْل إِلَى النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَنَّهُ الدَّاعِي وَالْمُنْذِر الْهَادِي .


هُوَ كَقَوْلِك : خَرَجْت إِلَى زَيْد الْعَاقِل الْفَاضِل مِنْ غَيْر وَاو , لِأَنَّهُمَا شَيْء وَاحِد ; وَاَللَّه هُوَ الْعَزِيز الَّذِي لَا مِثْل لَهُ وَلَا شَبِيه . وَقِيلَ : " الْعَزِيز " الَّذِي لَا يَغْلِبهُ غَالِب . وَقِيلَ : " الْعَزِيز " الْمَنِيع فِي مُلْكه وَسُلْطَانه . " الْحَمِيد " أَيْ الْمَحْمُود بِكُلِّ لِسَان , وَالْمُمَجَّد فِي كُلّ مَكَان عَلَى كُلّ حَال . وَرَوَى مِقْسَم عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس قَالَ : كَانَ قَوْم آمَنُوا بِعِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم , وَقَوْم كَفَرُوا بِهِ , فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ مُحَمَّد صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ آمَنَ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِعِيسَى , وَكَفَرَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِعِيسَى ; فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَة , ذَكَرَهُ الْمَاوَرْدِيّ .
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