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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الرعد - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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المر ۚ تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ ۗ وَالَّذِي أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ الْحَقُّ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (1) (الرعد) mp3
سُورَة الرَّعْد مَكِّيَّة فِي قَوْل الْحَسَن وَعِكْرِمَة وَعَطَاء وَجَابِر , وَمَدَنِيَّة فِي قَوْل الْكَلْبِيّ وَمُقَاتِل . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَقَتَادَة : مَدَنِيَّة إِلَّا آيَتَيْنِ مِنْهَا نَزَلَتَا بِمَكَّة ; وَهُمَا قَوْله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : " وَلَوْ أَنَّ قُرْآنًا سُيِّرَتْ بِهِ الْجِبَال " [ الرَّعْد : 31 ] [ إِلَى آخِرهمَا ] .

قَالَ النَّحَّاس : قُرِئَ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَر أَحْمَد بْن شُعَيْب بْن عَلِيّ بْن الْحَسَن بْن حُرَيْث قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيّ بْن الْحُسَيْن عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَزِيد أَنَّ عِكْرِمَة حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس : المر , والر , وحم , ونون حُرُوف الرَّحْمَن مُفَرَّقَة ; فَحَدَّثْت بِهِ الْأَعْمَش فَقَالَ : عِنْدك أَشْبَاه هَذَا وَلَا تُخْبِرنِي بِهِ ؟ وَقَالَ الْحَسَن وَعِكْرِمَة : " المر " قَسَم . وَقَالَ سَعِيد عَنْ قَتَادَة : " المر " اِسْم السُّورَة ; قَالَ : وَكَذَلِكَ كُلّ هِجَاء فِي الْقُرْآن. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِد : هِيَ فَوَاتِح السُّوَر . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّد بْن يَزِيد : هِيَ تَنْبِيه , وَكَذَا حُرُوف التَّهَجِّي .


اِبْتِدَاء وَخَبَر ; أَيْ تِلْكَ الَّتِي جَرَى ذِكْرهَا آيَات الْكِتَاب الْحَكِيم . قَالَ مُجَاهِد وَقَتَادَة : أَرَادَ التَّوْرَاة وَالْإِنْجِيل وَالْكُتُب الْمُتَقَدِّمَة ; فَإِنَّ " تِلْكَ " إِشَارَة إِلَى غَائِب مُؤَنَّث . وَقِيلَ : " تِلْكَ " بِمَعْنَى هَذِهِ ; أَيْ هَذِهِ آيَات الْكِتَاب الْحَكِيم . وَمِنْهُ قَوْل الْأَعْشَى : تِلْكَ خَيْلِي مِنْهُ وَتِلْكَ رِكَابِي هُنَّ صُفْر أَوْلَادهَا كَالزَّبِيبِ أَيْ هَذِهِ خَيْلِي . وَالْمُرَاد الْقُرْآن وَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِالصَّوَابِ ; لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجْرِ لِلْكُتُبِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَة ذِكْر ,


يَعْنِي وَهَذَا الْقُرْآن الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْك .



لَا كَمَا يَقُول الْمُشْرِكُونَ : إِنَّك تَأْتِي بِهِ مِنْ تِلْقَاء نَفْسك ; فَاعْتَصِمْ بِهِ , وَاعْمَلْ بِمَا فِيهِ . قَالَ مُقَاتِل : نَزَلَتْ حِين قَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ : إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا أَتَى بِالْقُرْآنِ مِنْ تِلْقَاء نَفْسه . " وَاَلَّذِي " فِي مَوْضِع رَفْع عَطْفًا عَلَى " آيَات " أَوْ عَلَى الِابْتِدَاء , و " الْحَقّ " خَبَره ; وَيَجُوز أَنْ يَكُون مَوْضِعه جَرًّا عَلَى تَقْدِير : وَآيَات الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْك , وَارْتِفَاع " الْحَقّ " عَلَى هَذَا عَلَى إِضْمَار مُبْتَدَأ , تَقْدِيره : ذَلِكَ الْحَقّ ; كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : " وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ الْحَقّ " [ الْبَقَرَة : 146 - 147 ] يَعْنِي ذَلِكَ الْحَقّ . قَالَ الْفَرَّاء : وَإِنْ شِئْت جَعَلْت " الَّذِي " خَفْضًا نَعْتًا لِلْكِتَابِ , وَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ الْوَاو كَمَا يُقَال : أَتَانَا هَذَا الْكِتَاب عَنْ أَبِي حَفْص وَالْفَارُوق ; وَمِنْهُ قَوْل الشَّاعِر : إِلَى الْمَلِك الْقَرْم وَابْن الْهُمَام وَلَيْث الْكَتِيبَة فِي الْمُزْدَحَم يُرِيد : إِلَى الْمَلِك الْقَرْم ابْن الْهُمَام , لَيْث الْكَتِيبَة . " وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَر النَّاس لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ "
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