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تفسير القرطبي - سورة الهمزة - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ هُمَزَةٍ لُّمَزَةٍ (1) (الهمزة) mp3
قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ الْقَوْل فِي " الْوَيْل " فِي غَيْر مَوْضِع , وَمَعْنَاهُ الْخِزْي وَالْعَذَاب وَالْهَلَكَة . وَقِيلَ : وَادٍ فِي جَهَنَّم . " لِكُلِّ هُمَزَة لُمَزَة " قَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : هُمْ الْمَشَّاءُونَ بِالنَّمِيمَةِ , الْمُفْسِدُونَ بَيْن الْأَحِبَّة , الْبَاغُونَ لِلْبُرَآءِ الْعَيْب ; فَعَلَى هَذَا هُمَا بِمَعْنًى . وَقَالَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : [ شِرَار عِبَاد اللَّه تَعَالَى الْمَشَّاءُونَ بِالنَّمِيمَةِ , الْمُفْسِدُونَ بَيْن الْأَحِبَّة , الْبَاغُونَ لِلْبُرَآءِ الْعَيْب ] . وَعَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس أَنَّ الْهُمَزَة : الَّذِي يَغْتَاب و اللُّمَزَة : الْعَيَّاب . وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَة وَالْحَسَن وَمُجَاهِد وَعَطَاء بْن أَبِي رَبَاج : الْهُمَزَة : الَّذِي يَغْتَاب وَيَطْعَن فِي وَجْه الرَّجُل , وَاللُّمَزَة : الَّذِي يَغْتَابهُ مِنْ خَلْفه إِذَا غَابَ ; وَمِنْهُ قَوْل حَسَّان : هَمَزْتك فَاخْتَضَعْت بِذُلّ نَفْس بِقَافِيَةٍ تَأَجَّج كَالشُّوَاظِ وَاخْتَارَ هَذَا الْقَوْل النَّحَّاس , قَالَ : وَمِنْهُ قَوْله تَعَالَى " وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَلْمِزك فِي الصَّدَقَات " [ التَّوْبَة : 58 ] . وَقَالَ مُقَاتِل ضِدّ هَذَا الْكَلَام : إِنَّ الْهُمَزَة : الَّذِي يَغْتَاب بِالْغِيبَةِ , وَاللُّمَزَة : الَّذِي يَغْتَاب فِي الْوَجْه . وَقَالَ قَتَادَة وَمُجَاهِد : الْهُمَزَة : الطَّعَّان فِي النَّاس , وَاللُّمَزَة : الطَّعَّان فِي أَنْسَابهمْ . وَقَالَ اِبْن زَيْد الْهَامِز : الَّذِي يَهْمِز النَّاس بِيَدِهِ وَيَضْرِبهُمْ , وَاللُّمَزَة : الَّذِي يَلْمِزهُمْ بِلِسَانِهِ وَيَعِيبهُمْ . وَقَالَ سُفْيَان الثَّوْرِيّ يَهْمِز بِلِسَانِهِ , وَيَلْمِز بِعَيْنَيْهِ . وَقَالَ اِبْن كَيْسَان : الْهُمَزَة الَّذِي يُؤْذِي جُلَسَاءَهُ بِسُوءِ اللَّفْظ , وَاللُّمَزَة : الَّذِي يَكْسِر عَيْنه عَلَى جَلِيسه , وَيُشِير بِعَيْنِهِ وَرَأْسه وَبِحَاجِبَيْهِ . وَقَالَ مُرَّة : هُمَا سَوَاء ; وَهُوَ الْقَتَّات الطَّعَّان لِلْمَرْءِ إِذَا غَابَ . وَقَالَ زِيَاد الْأَعْجَم : تُدْلِي بِوُدِّي إِذَا لَاقَيْتنِي كَذِبًا وَإِنْ أُغَيَّب فَأَنْتَ الْهَامِز اللُّمَزَهْ وَقَالَ آخَر : إِذَا لَقِيتك عَنْ سُخْط تُكَاشِرُنِي وَإِنْ تَغَيَّبْت كُنْت الْهَامِز اللُّمَزَهْ السُّخْط : الْبُعْد . وَالْهُمَزَة : اِسْم وُضِعَ لِلْمُبَالَغَةِ فِي هَذَا الْمَعْنَى ; كَمَا يُقَال : سُخَرَة وَضُحَكَة : لِلَّذِي يَسْخَر وَيَضْحَك بِالنَّاسِ . وَقَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد بْن عَلِيّ وَالْأَعْرَج " هُمْزَة لُمْزَة " بِسُكُونِ الْمِيم فِيهِمَا . فَإِنْ صَحَّ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُمَا , فَهِيَ فِي مَعْنَى الْمَفْعُول , وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَتَعَرَّض لِلنَّاسِ حَتَّى يَهْمِزُوهُ وَيَضْحَكُوا مِنْهُ , وَيَحْمِلهُمْ عَلَى الِاغْتِيَاب . وَقَرَأَ عَبْد اللَّه بْن مَسْعُود وَأَبُو وَائِل وَالنَّخَعِيّ وَالْأَعْمَش : " وَيْل لِلْهُمَزَةِ اللُّمَزَة " . وَأَصْل الْهَمْز : الْكَسْر , وَالْعَضّ عَلَى الشَّيْء بِعُنْفٍ ; وَمِنْهُ هَمْز الْحَرْف . وَيُقَال : هَمَزْت رَأْسه . وَهَمَزْت الْجَوْز بِكَفِّي كَسَرْته . وَقِيلَ لِأَعْرَابِيٍّ : أَتَهْمِزُونَ ( الْفَارَة ) ؟ فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا تَهْمِزهَا الْهِرَّة . الَّذِي فِي الصِّحَاح : وَقِيلَ لِأَعْرَابِيٍّ أَتَهْمِزُ الْفَارَة ؟ فَقَالَ السِّنَّوْر يَهْمِزهَا . وَالْأَوَّل قَالَهُ الثَّعْلَبِيّ , وَهُوَ يَدُلّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْهِرّ يُسَمَّى الْهُمَزَة . قَالَ الْعَجَّاج : وَمَنْ هَمَزْنَا رَأْسه تَهَشَّمَا وَقِيلَ : أَصْل الْهَمْز وَاللَّمْز : الدَّفْع وَالضَّرْب . لَمَزَهُ يَلْمِزهُ لَمْزًا : إِذَا ضَرَبَهُ وَدَفَعَهُ . وَكَذَلِكَ هَمَزَهُ : أَيْ دَفَعَهُ وَضَرَبَهُ . قَالَ الرَّاجِز : وَمَنْ هَمَزْنَا عِزّه تَبَرْكَعَا عَلَى اِسْته زَوْبَعَة أَوْ زَوْبَعَا الْبَرْكَعَة : الْقِيَام عَلَى أَرْبَع . وَبَرْكَعَهُ فَتَبَرْكَعَ ; أَيْ صَرَعَهُ فَوَقَعَ عَلَى اِسْته ; قَالَهُ فِي الصِّحَاح . وَالْآيَة نَزَلَتْ فِي الْأَخْنَس بْن شَرِيق , فِيمَا رَوَى الضَّحَّاك عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس . وَكَانَ يَلْمِز النَّاس وَيَعِيبهُمْ : مُقْبِلِينَ وَمُدْبِرِينَ . وَقَالَ اِبْن جُرَيْج : فِي الْوَلِيد بْن الْمُغِيرَة , وَكَانَ يَغْتَاب النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ , وَيَقْدَح فِيهِ فِي وَجْهه . وَقِيلَ : نَزَلَتْ فِي أُبَيّ بْن خَلَف . وَقِيلَ : فِي جَمِيل بْن عَامِر الثَّقَفِيّ . وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهَا مُرْسَلَة عَلَى الْعُمُوم مِنْ غَيْر تَخْصِيص ; وَهُوَ قَوْل الْأَكْثَرِينَ . قَالَ مُجَاهِد : لَيْسَتْ بِخَاصَّةٍ لِأَحَدٍ , بَلْ لِكُلِّ مَنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ صِفَته . وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاء : يَجُوز أَنْ يُذْكَر الشَّيْء الْعَامّ وَيُقْصَد بِهِ الْخَاصّ , قَصْد الْوَاحِد إِذَا قَالَ : لَا أَزُورك أَبَدًا . فَتَقُول : مَنْ لَمْ يَزُرْنِي فَلَسْت بِزَائِرِهِ ; يَعْنِي ذَلِكَ الْقَائِل
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