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تفسير القرطبي - سورة العصر - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَالْعَصْرِ (1) (العصر) mp3
فِيهِ مَسْأَلَتَانِ : الْأُولَى : قَوْله تَعَالَى : " وَالْعَصْر " أَيْ الدَّهْر ; قَالَهُ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَغَيْره . فَالْعَصْر مِثْل الدَّهْر ; وَمِنْهُ قَوْل الشَّاعِر : سَبِيل الْهَوَى وَعْر وَبَحْر الْهَوَى غَمْر وَيَوْم الْهَوَى شَهْر وَشَهْر الْهَوَى دَهْر أَيّ عَصْر أَقْسَمَ اللَّه بِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ; لِمَا فِيهِ مِنْ التَّنْبِيه بِتَصَرُّفِ الْأَحْوَال وَتَبَدُّلهَا , وَمَا فِيهَا مِنْ الدَّلَالَة عَلَى الصَّانِع . وَقِيلَ : الْعَصْر : اللَّيْل وَالنَّهَار . قَالَ حُمَيْد بْن ثَوْر : وَلَنْ يَلْبَث الْعَصْرَانِ : يَوْم وَلَيْلَة إِذَا طَلَبَا أَنْ يُدْرِكَا مَا تَيَمَّمَا وَالْعَصْرَانِ أَيْضًا : الْغَدَاة وَالْعَشِيّ . قَالَ : وَأَمْطُلهُ الْعَصْرَيْنِ حَتَّى يَمَلّنِي وَيَرْضَى بِنِصْفِ الدَّيْن وَالْأَنْف رَاغِم يَقُول : إِذَا جَاءَنِي أَوَّل النَّهَار وَوَعَدْته آخِره . وَقِيلَ : إِنَّهُ الْعَشِيّ , وَهُوَ مَا بَيْن زَوَال الشَّمْس وَغُرُوبهَا ; قَالَهُ الْحَسَن وَقَتَادَة . وَمِنْهُ قَوْل الشَّاعِر : تَرُوح بِنَا يَا عُمَر قَدْ قَصُرَ الْعَصْر وَفِي الرَّوْحَة الْأُولَى الْغَنِيمَة وَالْأَجْر وَعَنْ قَتَادَة أَيْضًا : هُوَ آخِر سَاعَة مِنْ سَاعَات النَّهَار . وَقِيلَ : هُوَ قَسَم بِصَلَاةِ الْعَصْر , وَهِيَ الْوُسْطَى ; لِأَنَّهَا أَفْضَل الصَّلَوَات ; قَالَهُ مُقَاتِل . يُقَال : أُذِّنَ لِلْعَصْرِ , أَيْ لِصَلَاةِ الْعَصْر . وَصَلَّيْت الْعَصْر ; أَيْ صَلَاة الْعَصْر . وَفِي الْخَبَر الصَّحِيح " الصَّلَاة الْوُسْطَى صَلَاة الْعَصْر " . وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي سُورَة " الْبَقَرَة " بَيَانه . وَقِيلَ : هُوَ قَسَم بِعَصْرِ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ; لِفَضْلِهِ بِتَجْدِيدِ النُّبُوَّة فِيهِ . وَقِيلَ : مَعْنَاهُ وَرَبّ الْعَصْر . الثَّانِيَة : قَالَ مَالِك : مَنْ حَلَفَ أَلَّا يُكَلِّم رَجُلًا عَصْرًا : لَمْ يُكَلِّمهُ سَنَة . قَالَ اِبْن الْعَرَبِيّ : إِنَّمَا حَمَلَ مَالِك يَمِين الْحَالِف أَلَّا يُكَلِّم اِمْرَأً عَصْرًا عَلَى السَّنَة ; لِأَنَّهُ أَكْثَر مَا قِيلَ فِيهِ , وَذَلِكَ عَلَى أَصْله فِي تَغْلِيظ الْمَعْنَى فِي الْأَيْمَان . وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيّ : يَبَرّ بِسَاعَةٍ ; إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُون لَهُ نِيَّة , وَبِهِ أَقُول ; إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُون الْحَالِف عَرَبِيًّا , فَيُقَال لَهُ : مَا أَرَدْت ؟ فَإِذَا فَسَّرَهُ بِمَا يَحْتَمِلهُ قُبِلَ مِنْهُ , إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُون الْأَقَلّ , وَيَجِيء عَلَى مَذْهَب مَالِك أَنْ يُحْمَل عَلَى مَا يُفَسَّر . وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم .
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