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تفسير القرطبي - سورة يونس - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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الر ۚ تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ الْحَكِيمِ (1) (يونس) mp3
سُورَة يُونُس عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام مَكِّيَّة فِي قَوْل الْحَسَن وَعِكْرِمَة وَعَطَاء وَجَابِر . وَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس إِلَّا ثَلَاث آيَات مِنْ قَوْله تَعَالَى : " فَإِنْ كُنْت فِي شَكّ " [ يُونُس : 94 ] إِلَى آخِرهنَّ . وَقَالَ مُقَاتِل : إِلَّا آيَتَيْنِ وَهِيَ قَوْله : " فَإِنْ كُنْت فِي شَكّ " نَزَلَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ . وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيّ : مَكِّيَّة إِلَّا قَوْله : " وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُؤْمِن بِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَا يُؤْمِن بِهِ " [ يُونُس : 40 ] نَزَلَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي الْيَهُود . وَقَالَتْ فِرْقَة : نَزَلَ مِنْ أَوَّلهَا نَحْو مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ آيَة بِمَكَّة وَبَاقِيهَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ .

قَالَ النَّحَّاس : قُرِئَ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَر أَحْمَد بْن شُعَيْب بْن عَلِيّ بْن الْحُسَيْن بْن حُرَيْث قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيّ بْن الْحُسَيْن عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَزِيد أَنَّ عِكْرِمَة حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس : الر , وحم , وَنُون حُرُوف الرَّحْمَن مُفَرَّقَة ; فَحَدَّثْت بِهِ الْأَعْمَش فَقَالَ : عِنْدك أَشْبَاه هَذَا وَلَا تُخْبِرنِي بِهِ ؟ . وَعَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس أَيْضًا قَالَ : " الر " أَنَا اللَّه أَرَى . قَالَ النَّحَّاس : وَرَأَيْت أَبَا إِسْحَاق يَمِيل إِلَى هَذَا الْقَوْل ; لِأَنَّ سِيبَوَيْهِ قَدْ حَكَى مِثْله عَنْ الْعَرَب وَأَنْشَدَ : بِالْخَيْرِ خَيْرَات وَإِنْ شَرًّا فا وَلَا أُرِيد الشَّرّ إِلَّا أَنْ تا وَقَالَ الْحَسَن وَعِكْرِمَة : " الر " قَسَم . وَقَالَ سَعِيد عَنْ قَتَادَة : " الر " اِسْم السُّورَة ; قَالَ : وَكَذَلِكَ كُلّ هِجَاء فِي الْقُرْآن . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِد : هِيَ فَوَاتِح السُّوَر . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّد بْن يَزِيد : هِيَ تَنْبِيه , وَكَذَا حُرُوف التَّهَجِّي . وَقُرِئَ " الر " مِنْ غَيْر إِمَالَة . وَقُرِئَ بِالْإِمَالَةِ لِئَلَّا تُشْبِه مَا وَلَا مِنْ الْحُرُوف .



اِبْتِدَاء وَخَبَر ; أَيْ تِلْكَ الَّتِي جَرَى ذِكْرهَا آيَات الْكِتَاب الْحَكِيم . قَالَ مُجَاهِد وَقَتَادَة : أَرَادَ التَّوْرَاة وَالْإِنْجِيل وَالْكُتُب الْمُتَقَدِّمَة ; فَإِنَّ " تِلْكَ " إِشَارَة إِلَى غَائِب مُؤَنَّث . وَقِيلَ : " تِلْكَ " بِمَعْنَى هَذِهِ ; أَيْ هَذِهِ آيَات الْكِتَاب الْحَكِيم . وَمِنْهُ قَوْل الْأَعْشَى : تِلْكَ خَيْلِي مِنْهُ وَتِلْكَ رِكَابِي هُنَّ صُفْر أَوْلَادهَا كَالزَّبِيبِ أَيْ هَذِهِ خَيْلِي . وَالْمُرَاد الْقُرْآن وَهُوَ أَوْلَى بِالصَّوَابِ ; لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجْرِ لِلْكُتُبِ الْمُتَقَدِّمَة ذِكْر , وَلِأَنَّ " الْحَكِيم " مِنْ نَعْت الْقُرْآن . دَلِيله قَوْله تَعَالَى : " الر كِتَاب أُحْكِمَتْ آيَاته " [ هُود : 1 ] وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ هَذَا الْمَعْنَى فِي أَوَّل سُورَة " الْبَقَرَة " . وَالْحَكِيم : الْمُحْكَم بِالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَام وَالْحُدُود وَالْأَحْكَام ; قَالَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَة وَغَيْره . وَقِيلَ : الْحَكِيم بِمَعْنَى الْحَاكِم ; أَيْ إِنَّهُ حَاكِم بِالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَام , وَحَاكِم بَيْن النَّاس بِالْحَقِّ ; فَعِيل بِمَعْنَى فَاعِل . دَلِيله قَوْله : " وَأَنْزَلَ مَعَهُمْ الْكِتَاب بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُم بَيْن النَّاس فِيمَا اِخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ " [ الْبَقَرَة : 213 ] . وَقِيلَ : الْحَكِيم بِمَعْنَى الْمَحْكُوم فِيهِ ; أَيْ حَكَمَ اللَّه فِيهِ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَان وَإِيتَاء ذِي الْقُرْبَى , وَحَكَمَ فِيهِ بِالنَّهْيِ عَنْ الْفَحْشَاء وَالْمُنْكَر , وَبِالْجَنَّةِ لِمَنْ أَطَاعَهُ وَبِالنَّارِ لِمَنْ عَصَاهُ ; فَهُوَ فَعِيل بِمَعْنَى الْمَفْعُول ; قَالَهُ الْحَسَن وَغَيْره . وَقَالَ مُقَاتِل : الْحَكِيم بِمَعْنَى الْمُحْكَم مِنْ الْبَاطِل لَا كَذِب فِيهِ وَلَا اِخْتِلَاف ; فَعِيل بِمَعْنَى مُفْعَل , كَقَوْلِ الْأَعْشَى يَذْكُر قَصِيدَته الَّتِي قَالَهَا : وَغَرِيبَة تَأْتِي الْمُلُوك حَكِيمَة قَدْ قُلْتهَا لِيُقَالَ مَنْ ذَا قَالَهَا
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