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تفسير الطبري - سورة فاطر - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ جَاعِلِ الْمَلَائِكَةِ رُسُلًا أُولِي أَجْنِحَةٍ مَّثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۚ يَزِيدُ فِي الْخَلْقِ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ (1) (فاطر) mp3
الْقَوْل فِي تَأْوِيل قَوْله تَعَالَى : { الْحَمْد لِلَّهِ فَاطِر السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض } يَقُول تَعَالَى ذِكْره : الشُّكْر الْكَامِل لِلْمَعْبُودِ الَّذِي لَا تَصْلُح الْعِبَادَة إِلَّا لَهُ , وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَكُونَ لِغَيْرِهِ خَالِق السَّمَوَات السَّبْع وَالْأَرْض ,

{ جَاعِل الْمَلَائِكَة رُسُلًا } إِلَى مَنْ يَشَاء مِنْ عِبَاده , وَفِيمَا شَاءَ مِنْ أَمْره وَنَهْيه { أُولِي أَجْنِحَة مَثْنَى وَثُلَاث وَرُبَاع } يَقُول : أَصْحَاب أَجْنِحَة : يَعْنِي مَلَائِكَة , فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَهُ اثْنَانِ مِنَ الْأَجْنِحَة , وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَهُ ثَلَاثَة أَجْنِحَة , وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَهُ أَرْبَعَة , كَمَا : 22109 - حَدَّثَنَا بِشْر , قَالَ : ثنا يَزِيد , قَالَ : ثنا سَعِيد , عَنْ قَتَادَة { أُولِي أَجْنِحَة مَثْنَى وَثُلَاث وَرُبَاع } قَالَ بَعْضهمْ : لَهُ جَنَاحَانِ , وَبَعْضهمْ : ثَلَاثَة , وَبَعْضهمْ أَرْبَعَة وَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْل الْعَرَبِيَّة فِي عِلَّة تَرْك إِجْرَاء مَثْنَى وَثُلَاث وَرُبَاع , وَهِيَ تَرْجَمَة عَنْ أَجْنِحَة , وَأَجْنِحَة نَكِرَة , فَقَالَ بَعْض نَحْوِيِّي الْبَصْرَة. تُرِكَ إِجْرَاؤُهُنَّ لِأَنَّهُنَّ مَصْرُوفَات عَنْ وُجُوههنَّ , وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَثْنَى مَصْرُوف عَنْ اثْنَيْنِ , وَثُلَاث عَنْ ثَلَاثَة , وَرُبَاع عَنْ أَرْبَعَة , فَصُرِفَ نَظِيرُ عُمَرَ , وَزُفَر , إِذْ صُرِفَ هَذَا عَنْ عَامِر إِلَى عُمَر , وَهَذَا عَنْ زَافِر إِلَى زُفَر , وَأَنْشَدَ بَعْضهمْ فِي ذَلِكَ : وَلَقَدْ قَتَلْتُكُمْ ثُنَاء وَمَوْحَدَا وَتَرَكْت مَرَّة مِثْل أَمْس الْمُدْبِر وَقَالَ آخَر مِنْهُمْ : لَمْ يُصْرَف ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ يُوهِم بِهِ الثَّلَاثَةَ وَالْأَرْبَعَةَ , قَالَ : وَهَذَا لَا يُسْتَعْمَل إِلَّا فِي حَال الْعَدَد , وَقَالَ بَعْض نَحْوِيِّي الْكُوفَة : هُنَّ مَصْرُوفَات عَنْ الْمَعَارِف ; لِأَنَّ الْأَلِف وَاللَّامَ لَا تَدْخُلهَا , وَالْإِضَافَة لَا تَدْخُلهَا ; قَالَ : وَلَوْ دَخَلَتْهَا الْإِضَافَة وَالْأَلِف وَاللَّام لَكَانَتْ نَكِرَةً , وَهِيَ تَرْجَمَة عَنْ النَّكِرَة ; قَالَ : وَكَذَلِكَ مَا كَانَ فِي الْقُرْآن , مِثْل : { أَنْ تَقُومُوا لِلَّهِ مَثْنَى وَفُرَادَى } 34 46 , وَكَذَلِكَ وُحَاد وَأُحَاد , وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ مِنْ مَصْرُوف الْعَدَد.

وَقَوْله : { يَزِيد فِي الْخَلْق مَا يَشَاء } وَذَلِكَ زِيَادَته تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي خَلْق هَذَا الْمَلَك مِنَ الْأَجْنِحَة عَلَى الْآخَر مَا يَشَاء , وَنُقْصَانه عَنِ الْآخَر مَا أَحَبَّ , وَكَذَلِكَ ذَلِكَ فِي جَمِيع خَلْقه يَزِيد مَا يَشَاء فِي خَلْق مَا شَاءَ مِنْهُ , وَيَنْقُص مَا شَاءَ مِنْ خَلْق مَا شَاءَ , لَهُ الْخَلْق وَالْأَمْر , وَلَهُ الْقُدْرَة وَالسُّلْطَان

{ إِنَّ اللَّه عَلَى كُلّ شَيْء قَدِير } يَقُول : إِنَّ اللَّه تَعَالَى ذِكْره قَدِير عَلَى زِيَادَة مَا شَاءَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا شَاءَ , وَنُقْصَان مَا شَاءَ مِنْهُ مِمَّنْ شَاءَ , وَغَيْر ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاء كُلّهَا , لَا يَمْتَنِع عَلَيْهِ فِعْل شَيْء أَرَادَهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى .
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