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تفسير الطبري - سورة إبراهيم - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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الر ۚ كِتَابٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَاطِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَمِيدِ (1) (إبراهيم) mp3
الْقَوْل فِي تَأْوِيل قَوْله تَعَالَى : { الر } قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَر : اِخْتَلَفَ أَهْل التَّأْوِيل فِي ذَلِكَ , فَقَالَ بَعْضهمْ : تَأْوِيله أَنَا اللَّه أَرَى . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 13588 - حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْن دَاوُد بْن مَيْمُون الْوَاسِطِيّ , قَالَ : ثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَة , عَنْ أَبِي رَوْق , عَنْ الضَّحَّاك , فِي قَوْله : { الر } : أَنَا اللَّه أَرَى . 13589 - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَد بْن إِسْحَاق , قَالَ : ثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَد , قَالَ : ثَنَا شَرِيك , عَنْ عَطَاء بْن السَّائِب , عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس , قَوْله : { الر } قَالَ : أَنَا اللَّه أَرَى . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : هِيَ حُرُوف مِنْ اِسْم اللَّه الَّذِي هُوَ الرَّحْمَن . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 13590 - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْد اللَّه بْن أَحْمَد بْن شَبُّويَة , قَالَ : ثَنَا عَلِيّ بْن الْحُسَيْن , قَالَ : ثَنِي أَبِي , عَنْ يَزِيد , عَنْ عِكْرِمَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس : " الر , وحم , وَنُون " حُرُوف الرَّحْمَن مُقَطَّعَة . 13591 - حَدَّثَنَا اِبْن حُمَيْد , قَالَ : ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْن وَاضِح , قَالَ : ثَنَا عِيسَى بْن عُبَيْد عَنْ الْحُسَيْن بْن عُثْمَان , قَالَ : ذَكَرَ سَالِم بْن عَبْد اللَّه : " الر , وحم وَنُون " فَقَالَ : اِسْم الرَّحْمَن مُقَطَّع . ثُمَّ قَالَ : الرَّحْمَن . 13592 - حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى , قَالَ : ثَنَا إِسْحَاق , قَالَ : ثَنَا أَبِي حَمَّاد , قَالَ : ثَنَا مَنْدَل , عَنْ عَطَاء بْن السَّائِب , عَنْ سَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر , قَالَ : " الر , وحم , وَنُون " هُوَ اِسْم الرَّحْمَن. 13593 - حَدَّثَنَا اِبْن وَكِيع , قَالَ : ثَنَا سُوَيْد بْن عَمْرو الْكَلْبِيّ , عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَة , عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيل بْن سَالِم , عَنْ عَامِر أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ : " الر , وحم , وص " قَالَ : هِيَ أَسْمَاء اللَّه مُقَطَّعَة بِالْهِجَاءِ , فَإِذَا وَصَلْتهَا كَانَتْ اِسْمًا مِنْ أَسْمَاء اللَّه تَعَالَى . وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ : هِيَ اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء الْقُرْآن . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 13594 - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن عَبْد الْأَعْلَى , قَالَ : ثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن ثَوْر , عَنْ مَعْمَر , عَنْ قَتَادَة : { الر } اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء الْقُرْآن . وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا اِخْتِلَاف النَّاس وَمَا إِلَيْهِ ذَهَبَ كُلّ قَائِل فِي الَّذِي قَالَ فِيهِ , وَمَا الصَّوَاب لَدَيْنَا مِنْ الْقَوْل فِي ذَلِكَ فِي نَظِيره , وَذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّل سُورَة الْبَقَرَة , فَأَغْنَى ذَلِكَ عَنْ إِعَادَته فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِع. وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِع الْقَدْر الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا لِمُخَالَفَةِ مَنْ ذَكَرْنَا قَوْله فِي هَذَا قَوْل فِي { الم } , فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ وَفَّقُوا بَيْن مَعَانِي جَمِيع ذَلِكَ , فَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا قَوْلهمْ هُنَاكَ مُكْتَفِيًا عَنْ الْإِعَادَة هَاهُنَا .

وَأَمَّا قَوْله : { كِتَاب أَنْزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْك } فَإِنَّ مَعْنَاهُ : هَذَا كِتَاب أَنْزَلْنَاهُ إِلَيْك يَا مُحَمَّد ; يَعْنِي الْقُرْآن . { لِتُخْرِج النَّاس مِنْ الظُّلُمَات إِلَى النُّور } يَقُول : لِتَهْدِيَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ ظُلُمَات الضَّلَالَة وَالْكُفْر إِلَى نُور الْإِيمَان وَضِيَائِهِ , وَتُبَصِّر بِهِ أَهْل الْجَهْل وَالْعَمَى سُبُل الرَّشَاد وَالْهُدَى .


وَقَوْله : { بِإِذْنِ رَبّهمْ } يَعْنِي : بِتَوْفِيقِ رَبّهمْ لَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ وَلُطْفه بِهِمْ . { إِلَى صِرَاط الْعَزِيز الْحَمِيد } يَعْنِي : إِلَى طَرِيق اللَّه الْمُسْتَقِيم , وَهُوَ دِينه الَّذِي اِرْتَضَاهُ وَشَرَعَهُ لِخَلْقِهِ . وَالْحَمِيد : فَعِيل , صُرِفَ مِنْ مَفْعُول إِلَى فَعِيل , وَمَعْنَاهُ : الْمَحْمُود بِآلَائِهِ , وَأَضَافَ تَعَالَى ذِكْره إِخْرَاج النَّاس مِنْ الظُّلُمَات إِلَى النُّور بِإِذْنِ رَبّهمْ لَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى نَبِيّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , وَهُوَ الْهَادِي خَلْقه وَالْمُوَفِّق مَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْهُمْ لِلْإِيمَانِ , إِذْ كَانَ مِنْهُ دُعَاؤُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ , وَتَعْرِيفهمْ مَا لَهُمْ فِيهِ وَعَلَيْهِمْ , فَبَيَّنَ بِذَلِكَ صِحَّة قَوْل أَهْل الْإِثْبَات الَّذِينَ أَضَافُوا أَفْعَال الْعِبَاد إِلَيْهِمْ كَسْبًا , وَإِلَى اللَّه جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ إِنْشَاء وَتَدْبِيرًا , وَفَسَاد قَوْل أَهْل الْقَدَر الَّذِينَ أَنْكَرُوا أَنْ يَكُون لِلَّهِ فِي ذَلِكَ صُنْع . وَبِنَحْوِ الَّذِي قُلْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَهْل التَّأْوِيل . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 15590 - حَدَّثَنَا بِشْر , قَالَ : ثَنَا يَزِيد , قَالَ : ثَنَا سَعِيد , عَنْ قَتَادَة , فِي قَوْله : { لِتُخْرِج النَّاس مِنْ الظُّلُمَات إِلَى النُّور } : أَيْ مِنْ الضَّلَالَة إِلَى الْهُدَى .
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