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تفسير الطبري - سورة الرعد - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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المر ۚ تِلْكَ آيَاتُ الْكِتَابِ ۗ وَالَّذِي أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ الْحَقُّ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ (1) (الرعد) mp3
الْقَوْل فِي تَأْوِيل قَوْله { المر } و ( المر ) وَنَظَائِرهمَا مِنْ حُرُوف الْمُعْجَم الَّتِي اُفْتُتِحَ بِهَا أَوَائِل بَعْض سُوَر الْقُرْآن فِيمَا مَضَى بِمَا فِيهِ الْكِفَايَة مِنْ إِعَادَتهَا , غَيْر أَنَّا نَذْكُر مِنْ الرِّوَايَة مَا جَاءَ خَاصًّا بِهِ كُلّ سُورَة اُفْتُتِحَ أَوَّلهَا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهَا . فَمِمَّا جَاءَ مِنْ الرِّوَايَة فِي ذَلِكَ فِي هَذِهِ السُّورَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس مِنْ نَقْل أَبِي الضُّحَى مُسْلِم بْن صُبَيْح وَسَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر عَنْهُ , التَّفْرِيق بَيْنَ مَعْنَى مَا اُبْتُدِئَ بِهِ أَوَّلهَا مَعَ زِيَادَة الْمِيم الَّتِي فِيهَا عَلَى سَائِر سُوَر ذَوَات الرَّاء , وَمَعْنَى مَا اُبْتُدِئَ بِهِ أَخَوَاتهَا , مَعَ نُقْصَان ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا عَنْهَا . ذِكْر الرِّوَايَة بِذَلِكَ عَنْهُ : 15243 - حَدَّثَنَا اِبْن الْمُثَنَّى , قَالَ : ثَنَا عَبْد الرَّحْمَن , عَنْ هُشَيْم , عَنْ عَطَاء بْن السَّائِب , عَنْ سَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر , عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس : { المر } قَالَ : أَنَا اللَّه أَرَى . - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَد بْن إِسْحَاق , قَالَ : ثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَد , قَالَ : ثَنَا شَرِيك , عَنْ عَطَاء بْن السَّائِب , عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى , عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس : قَوْله : { المر } قَالَ : أَنَا اللَّه أَرَى . 15244 - حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى , قَالَ : ثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْم الْفَضْل بْن دُكَيْن , قَالَ : ثَنَا سُفْيَان , عَنْ مُجَاهِد : { المر } : فَوَاتِح يُفْتَتَح بِهَا كَلَامه .


وَقَوْله : { تِلْكَ آيَات الْكِتَاب } يَقُول ـ تَعَالَى ذِكْره ـ : تِلْكَ الَّتِي قَصَصْت عَلَيْك خَبَرهَا آيَات الْكِتَاب الَّذِي أَنْزَلْته قَبْل هَذَا الْكِتَاب الَّذِي أَنْزَلْته إِلَيْك إِلَى مَنْ أَنْزَلْته إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رُسُلِي قَبْلك . وَقِيلَ : عُنِيَ بِذَلِكَ : التَّوْرَاة وَالْإِنْجِيل . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 15245 - حَدَّثَنَا بِشْر , قَالَ : ثَنَا يَزِيد , قَالَ : ثَنَا سَعِيد , عَنْ قَتَادَة , قَوْله : { المر تِلْكَ آيَات الْكِتَاب } الْكُتُب الَّتِي كَانُوا قَبْل الْقُرْآن . 15246 - حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى , قَالَ : ثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْم , قَالَ : ثَنَا سُفْيَان , عَنْ مُجَاهِد : { تِلْكَ آيَات الْكِتَاب } قَالَ : التَّوْرَاة وَالْإِنْجِيل .


وَقَوْله : { وَاَلَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْك مِنْ رَبّك الْحَقّ } وَهُوَ الْقُرْآن فَاعْمَلْ بِمَا فِيهِ وَاعْتَصِمْ وَبِنَحْوِ الَّذِي قُلْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَهْل التَّأْوِيل . ذِكْر مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ : 15247 - حَدَّثَنِي الْمُثَنَّى , قَالَ : ثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْم الْفَضْل بْن دُكَيْن , قَالَ : ثَنَا سُفْيَان , عَنْ مُجَاهِد : { وَاَلَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْك مِنْ رَبّك الْحَقّ } قَالَ : الْقُرْآن . 15248 - حَدَّثَنَا بِشْر , قَالَ : ثَنَا يَزِيد , قَالَ : ثَنَا سَعِيد , عَنْ قَتَادَة , قَوْله : { وَاَلَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْك مِنْ رَبّك الْحَقّ } : أَيْ هَذَا الْقُرْآن . وَفِي قَوْله : { وَاَلَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْك } وَجْهَانِ مِنْ الْإِعْرَاب : أَحَدهمَا الرَّفْع عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَلَام مُبْتَدَأ , فَيَكُون مَرْفُوعًا ب " الْحَقّ " و " الْحَقّ بِهِ " . وَعَلَى هَذَا الْوَجْه تَأْوِيل مُجَاهِد وَقَتَادَة الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا قَبْل عَنْهُمَا . وَالْآخَر : الْخَفْض عَلَى الْعَطْف بِهِ عَلَى الْكِتَاب , فَيَكُون مَعْنَى الْكَلَام حِينَئِذٍ : تِلْكَ آيَات التَّوْرَاة وَالْإِنْجِيل وَالْقُرْآن , ثُمَّ يَبْتَدِئ الْحَقّ بِمَعْنَى ذَلِكَ الْحَقّ , فَيَكُون رَفْعه بِمُضْمَرٍ مِنْ الْكَلَام قَدْ اِسْتَغْنَى بِدَلَالَةِ الظَّاهِر عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُ . وَلَوْ قِيلَ : مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ : تِلْكَ آيَات الْكِتَاب الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْك مِنْ رَبّك الْحَقّ , وَإِنَّمَا أُدْخِلَتْ الْوَاو فِي " وَاَلَّذِي " , وَهُوَ نَعْت لِلْكِتَابِ , كَمَا أَدْخَلَهَا الشَّاعِر فِي قَوْله : إِلَى الْمَلِك الْقَرْم وَابْن الْهُمَام وَلَيْث الْكَتِيبَة فِي الْمُزْدَحَم فَعَطَفَ بِالْوَاوِ , وَذَلِكَ كُلّه مِنْ صِفَة وَاحِد , كَانَ مَذْهَبًا مِنْ التَّأْوِيل ; وَلَكِنَّ ذَلِكَ إِذَا تُؤُوِّل كَذَلِكَ فَالصَّوَاب مِنْ الْقِرَاءَة فِي " الْحَقّ الْخَفْض " عَلَى أَنَّهُ نَعْت لِ " الَّذِي " .


وَقَوْله : { وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَر النَّاس } مِنْ مُشْرِكِي قَوْمك لَا يُصَدِّقُونَ بِالْحَقِّ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْك مِنْ رَبّك , وَلَا يُقِرُّونَ بِهَذَا الْقُرْآن وَمَا فِيهِ مِنْ مُحْكَم آيِهِ.
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