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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة العلق - الآية 1

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ (1) (العلق) mp3
قَالَ الْإِمَام أَحْمَد حَدَّثَنَا عَبْد الرَّزَّاق حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَر عَنْ الزُّهْرِيّ عَنْ عُرْوَة عَنْ عَائِشَة قَالَتْ : أَوَّل مَا بُدِئَ بِهِ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ الْوَحْي الرُّؤْيَا الصَّادِقَة فِي النَّوْم فَكَانَ لَا يَرَى رُؤْيَا إِلَّا جَاءَتْ مِثْل فَلَق الصُّبْح ثُمَّ حُبِّبَ إِلَيْهِ الْخَلَاء فَكَانَ يَأْتِي حِرَاء فَيَتَحَنَّث فِيهِ - وَهُوَ التَّعَبُّد - اللَّيَالِي ذَوَات الْعَدَد وَيَتَزَوَّد لِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يَرْجِع إِلَى خَدِيجَة فَيَتَزَوَّد لِمِثْلِهَا حَتَّى فَجَأَهُ الْوَحْي وَهُوَ فِي غَار حِرَاء فَجَاءَهُ الْمَلَك فِيهِ فَقَالَ اِقْرَأْ قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ" فَقُلْت مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ - قَالَ - فَأَخَذَنِي فَغَطَّنِي حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْد ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ اِقْرَأْ فَقُلْت مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ فَغَطَّنِي الثَّانِيَة حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْد ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ اِقْرَأْ فَقُلْت مَا أَنَا بِقَارِئٍ فَغَطَّنِي الثَّالِثَة حَتَّى بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْجَهْد ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَنِي فَقَالَ" اِقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّك الَّذِي خَلَقَ - حَتَّى بَلَغَ - مَا لَمْ يَعْلَم " قَالَ فَرَجَعَ بِهَا تَرْجُفُ بَوَادِره حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى خَدِيجَة فَقَالَ " زَمِّلُونِي زَمِّلُونِي " فَزَمَّلُوهُ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ عَنْهُ الرَّوْع فَقَالَ يَا خَدِيجَة " مَا لِي ؟ " وَأَخْبَرَهَا الْخَبَر وَقَالَ " قَدْ خَشِيت عَلَى نَفْسِي " فَقَالَتْ لَهُ كَلَّا أَبْشِرْ فَوَاَللَّهِ لَا يُخْزِيك اللَّهُ أَبَدًا إِنَّك لَتَصِلُ الرَّحِم وَتَصْدُق الْحَدِيث وَتَحْمِل الْكَلّ وَتَقْرِي الضَّيْف وَتُعِين عَلَى نَوَائِب الْحَقّ ثُمَّ اِنْطَلَقَتْ بِهِ خَدِيجَة حَتَّى أَتَتْ بِهِ وَرَقَة بْن نَوْفَل بْن أَسَد بْن عَبْد الْعُزَّى بْن قُصَيّ وَهُوَ اِبْن عَمّ خَدِيجَة أَخِي أَبِيهَا وَكَانَ اِمْرَأً قَدْ تَنَصَّرَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّة وَكَانَ يَكْتُب الْكِتَاب الْعَرَبِيّ وَكَتَبَ بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ مِنْ الْإِنْجِيل مَا شَاءَ اللَّه أَنْ يَكْتُب وَكَانَ شَيْخ كَبِيرًا قَدْ عَمِيَ فَقَالَتْ خَدِيجَة أَيْ اِبْن عَمّ اِسْمَعْ مِنْ اِبْن أَخِيك فَقَالَ وَرَقَة : اِبْن أَخِي مَا تَرَى ؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمَا رَأَى فَقَالَ وَرَقَة هَذَا النَّامُوس الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ عَلَى مُوسَى لَيْتَنِي فِيهَا جَذَعًا لَيْتَنِي أَكُون حَيًّا حِين يُخْرِجك قَوْمك فَقَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَوَمُخْرِجِيَّ هُمْ ؟ " فَقَالَ وَرَقَة : نَعَمْ لَمْ يَأْتِ رَجُل قَطُّ بِمَا جِئْت بِهِ إِلَّا عُودِيَ وَإِنْ يُدْرِكنِي يَوْمك أَنْصُرك نَصْرًا مُؤَزَّرًا. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنْشَب وَرَقَة أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ وَفَتَرَ الْوَحْي فَتْرَة حَتَّى حَزِنَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَا بَلَغَنَا حُزْنًا غَدَا مِنْهُ مِرَارًا كَيْ يَتَرَدَّى مِنْ رُءُوس شَوَاهِق الْجِبَال فَكُلَّمَا أَوْفَى بِذِرْوَةِ جَبَل لِكَيْ يُلْقِي نَفْسه مِنْهُ تَبَدَّى لَهُ جِبْرِيل فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّد إِنَّك رَسُول اللَّه حَقًّا فَيَسْكُن بِذَلِكَ جَأْشه وَتَقِرّ نَفْسه فَيَرْجِع فَإِذَا طَالَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَتْرَة الْوَحْي غَدَا لِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا أَوْفَى بِذِرْوَةِ الْجَبَل تَبَدَّى لَهُ جِبْرِيل فَقَالَ لَهُ مِثْل ذَلِكَ . وَهَذَا الْحَدِيث مُخَرَّجٌ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ مِنْ حَدِيث الزُّهْرِيّ وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمْنَا عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيث مِنْ جِهَة سَنَده وَمَتْنه وَمَعَانِيه فِي أَوَّل شَرَحْنَا لِلْبُخَارِيِّ مُسْتَقْصًى فَمَنْ أَرَادَهُ فَهُوَ هُنَاكَ مُحَرَّر وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْد وَالْمِنَّة , فَأَوَّل شَيْء نَزَلَ مِنْ الْقُرْآن هَذِهِ الْآيَات الْكَرِيمَات الْمُبَارَكَات وَهُنَّ أَوَّل رَحْمَة رَحِمَ اللَّه بِهَا الْعِبَاد وَأَوَّل نِعْمَة أَنْعَمَ اللَّه بِهَا عَلَيْهِمْ .
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