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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة التوبة - الآية 97

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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الْأَعْرَابُ أَشَدُّ كُفْرًا وَنِفَاقًا وَأَجْدَرُ أَلَّا يَعْلَمُوا حُدُودَ مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (97) (التوبة) mp3
أَخْبَرَ تَعَالَى أَنَّ فِي الْأَعْرَاب كُفَّارًا وَمُنَافِقِينَ وَمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَنَّ كُفْرهمْ وَنِفَاقهمْ أَعْظَم مِنْ غَيْرهمْ وَأَشَدّ وَأَجْدَر أَيْ أَحْرَى أَنْ لَا يَعْلَمُوا حُدُود مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّه عَلَى رَسُوله كَمَا قَالَ الْأَعْمَش عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيم قَالَ : جَلَسَ أَعْرَابِيّ إِلَى زَيْد بْن صُوحَان وَهُوَ يُحَدِّث أَصْحَابه وَكَانَتْ يَده قَدْ أُصِيبَتْ يَوْم " نَهَاوَنْد " فَقَالَ الْأَعْرَابِيّ وَاَللَّه إِنَّ حَدِيثك لَيُعْجِبنِي وَإِنَّ يَدك لَتَرِيبنِي فَقَالَ زَيْد مَا يَرِيبك مِنْ يَدِي إِنَّهَا الشِّمَال ؟ فَقَالَ الْأَعْرَابِيّ وَاَللَّه مَا أَدْرِي الْيَمِين يَقْطَعُونَ أَوْ الشِّمَال فَقَالَ زَيْد بْن صُوحَان صَدَقَ اللَّه " الْأَعْرَاب أَشَدّ كُفْرًا وَنِفَاقًا وَأَجْدَر أَنْ لَا يَعْلَمُوا حُدُود مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّه عَلَى رَسُوله " . وَقَالَ الْإِمَام أَحْمَد حَدَّثَنَا عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن مَهْدِيّ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَان عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنْ وَهْب بْن مُنَبِّه عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس عَنْ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ " مَنْ سَكَنَ الْبَادِيَة جَفَا وَمَنْ اِتَّبَعَ الصَّيْد غَفَلَ وَمَنْ أَتَى السُّلْطَان اُفْتُتِنَ " . وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَالتِّرْمِذِيّ وَالنَّسَائِيّ مِنْ طُرُق عَنْ سُفْيَان الثَّوْرِيّ بِهِ وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيّ حَسَن غَرِيب لَا نَعْرِفهُ إِلَّا مِنْ حَدِيث الثَّوْرِيّ وَلَمَّا كَانَتْ الْغِلْظَة وَالْجَفَاء فِي أَهْل الْبَوَادِي لَمْ يَبْعَث اللَّه مِنْهُمْ رَسُولًا وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ الْبَعْثَة مِنْ أَهْل الْقُرَى كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى " وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلك إِلَّا رِجَالًا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَهْل الْقُرَى " وَلَمَّا أَهْدَى ذَلِكَ الْأَعْرَابِيّ تِلْكَ الْهَدِيَّة لِرَسُولِ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَضْعَافهَا حَتَّى رَضِيَ قَالَ " لَقَدْ هَمَمْت أَنْ لَا أَقْبَلَ هَدِيَّة إِلَّا مِنْ قُرَشِيّ أَوْ ثَقَفِيّ أَوْ أَنْصَارِيّ أَوْ دَوْسِيّ " . لِأَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ كَانُوا يَسْكُنُونَ الْمُدُن مَكَّة وَالطَّائِف وَالْمَدِينَة وَالْيَمَن فَهُمْ أَلْطَف أَخْلَاقًا مِنْ الْأَعْرَاب لِمَا فِي طِبَاع الْأَعْرَاب مِنْ الْجَفَاء . " حَدِيث الْأَعْرَابِيّ فِي تَقْبِيل الْوَلَد " قَالَ حَدِيث مُسْلِم حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْر بْن أَبِي شَيْبَة وَأَبُو كُرَيْب قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَة وَابْن نُمَيْر عَنْ هِشَام عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَة قَالَتْ : قَدِمَ نَاس مِنْ الْأَعْرَاب عَلَى رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالُوا : أَتُقَبِّلُونَ صِبْيَانكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالُوا لَكِنَّا وَاَللَّه مَا نُقَبِّل فَقَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " وَأَمْلِك إِنْ كَانَ اللَّه نَزَعَ مِنْكُمْ الرَّحْمَة " وَقَالَ اِبْن نُمَيْر " مِنْ قَلْبك الرَّحْمَة " . وَقَوْله " وَاَللَّه عَلِيم حَكِيم " أَيْ عَلِيم بِمَنْ يَسْتَحِقّ أَنْ يُعْلِمهُ الْإِيمَان وَالْعِلْم حَكِيم فِيمَا قَسَمَ بَيْن عِبَاده مِنْ الْعِلْم وَالْجَهْل وَالْإِيمَان وَالْكُفْر وَالنِّفَاق " لَا يُسْأَل عَمَّا يَفْعَل " لِعِلْمِهِ وَحِكْمَته .
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