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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة التوبة - الآية 40

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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إِلَّا تَنصُرُوهُ فَقَدْ نَصَرَهُ اللَّهُ إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِي الْغَارِ إِذْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِهِ لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَنَا ۖ فَأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ سَكِينَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَةَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَىٰ ۗ وَكَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (40) (التوبة) mp3
يَقُول تَعَالَى " إِلَّا تَنْصُرُوهُ " أَيْ تَنْصُرُوا رَسُوله فَإِنَّ اللَّه نَاصِره وَمُؤَيِّده وَكَافِيه وَحَافِظه كَمَا تَوَلَّى نَصْره " إِذْ أَخْرَجَهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ثَانِيَ اِثْنَيْنِ " أَيْ عَام الْهِجْرَة لَمَّا هَمَّ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بِقَتْلِهِ أَوْ حَبْسه أَوْ نَفْيه فَخَرَجَ مِنْهُمْ هَارِبًا صَحِبَهُ صَدِيقه وَصَاحِبه أَبُو بَكْر بْن أَبِي قُحَافَة فَلَجَأَ إِلَى غَار ثَوْر ثَلَاثَة أَيَّام لِيَرْجِع الطُّلَّب الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا فِي آثَارهمْ ثُمَّ يَسِيرُوا نَحْو الْمَدِينَة فَجَعَلَ أَبُو بَكْر رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ يَجْزَع أَنْ يُطَّلَع عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَخْلُص إِلَى الرَّسُول عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاة وَالسَّلَام مِنْهُمْ أَذًى فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُسَكِّنهُ وَيُثَبِّتهُ وَيَقُول " يَا أَبَا بَكْر مَا ظَنّك بِاثْنَيْنِ اللَّه ثَالِثهمَا " كَمَا قَالَ الْإِمَام أَحْمَد حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّان حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّام أَنْبَأَنَا ثَابِت عَنْ أَنَس أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْر حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ : قُلْت لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَنَحْنُ فِي الْغَار لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدهمْ نَظَرَ إِلَى قَدَمَيْهِ لَأَبْصَرَنَا تَحْت قَدَمَيْهِ قَالَ : فَقَالَ " يَا أَبَا بَكْر مَا ظَنّك بِاثْنَيْنِ اللَّه ثَالِثهمَا " أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى " فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّه سَكِينَته عَلَيْهِ " أَيْ تَأْيِيده وَنَصْره عَلَيْهِ أَيْ عَلَى الرَّسُول صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أَشْهَر الْقَوْلَيْنِ وَقِيلَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْر وَرُوِيَ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَغَيْره قَالُوا : لِأَنَّ الرَّسُول صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ تَزَلْ مَعَهُ سَكِينَة وَهَذَا لَا يُنَافِي تَجَدُّد سَكِينَة خَاصَّة بِتِلْكَ الْحَال وَلِهَذَا قَالَ " وَأَيَّدَهُ بِجُنُودٍ لَمْ تَرَوْهَا " أَيْ الْمَلَائِكَة " وَجَعَلَ كَلِمَة الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا السُّفْلَى وَكَلِمَة اللَّه هِيَ الْعُلْيَا " قَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : يَعْنِي بِكَلِمَةِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الشِّرْك وَكَلِمَة اللَّه هِيَ لَا إِلَه إِلَّا اللَّه . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيّ رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ قَالَ : سُئِلَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ الرَّجُل يُقَاتِل شَجَاعَة وَيُقَاتِل حَمِيَّة وَيُقَاتِل رِيَاء أَيْ ذَلِكَ فِي سَبِيل اللَّه ؟ فَقَالَ " مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِتَكُونَ كَلِمَة اللَّه هِيَ الْعُلْيَا فَهُوَ فِي سَبِيل اللَّه " وَقَوْله " وَاَللَّه عَزِيز " أَيْ فِي اِنْتِقَامه وَانْتِصَاره مَنِيع الْجَنَاب لَا يُضَام مَنْ لَاذَ بِبَابِهِ وَاحْتَمَى بِالتَّمَسُّكِ بِخِطَابِهِ " حَكِيم " فِي أَقْوَاله وَأَفْعَاله .
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