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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة الأنفال - الآية 27

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَخُونُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ (27) (الأنفال) mp3
قَالَ عَبْد الرَّزَّاق بْن أَبِي قَتَادَة وَالزُّهْرِيّ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي أَبِي لُبَابَة بْن عَبْد الْمُنْذِر حِين بَعَثَهُ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَة لِيَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْم رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَشَارُوهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِذَلِكَ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى حَلْقه أَيْ إِنَّهُ الذَّبْح ثُمَّ فَطِنَ أَبُو لُبَابَة وَرَأَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ خَانَ اللَّه وَرَسُوله فَحَلَفَ لَا يَذُوق ذَوَاقًا حَتَّى يَمُوت أَوْ يَتُوب اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى مَسْجِد الْمَدِينَة فَرَبَطَ نَفْسه فِي سَارِيَة مِنْهُ فَمَكَثَ كَذَلِكَ تِسْعَة أَيَّام حَتَّى كَانَ يَخِرّ مَغْشِيًّا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ الْجَهْد حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّه تَوْبَته عَلَى رَسُوله فَجَاءَ النَّاس يُبَشِّرُونَهُ بِتَوْبَةِ اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَحُلُّوهُ مِنْ السَّارِيَة فَحَلَفَ لَا يَحُلّهُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِيَدِهِ فَحَلَّهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُول اللَّه : إِنِّي كُنْت نَذَرْت أَنْ أَنْخَلِع مِنْ مَالِي صَدَقَة فَقَالَ " يَجْزِيك الثُّلُث أَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ " . وَقَالَ اِبْن جَرِير حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِث حَدَّثَنَا عَبْد الْعَزِيز حَدَّثَنَا يُونُس بْن الْحَارِث الطَّائِفِيّ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن عَبْد اللَّه بْن عَوْن الثَّقَفِيّ عَنْ الْمُغِيرَة بْن شُعْبَة قَالَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَة فِي قَتْل عُثْمَان رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ " يَا أَيّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَخُونُوا اللَّه وَالرَّسُول " الْآيَة . وَقَالَ اِبْن جَرِير أَيْضًا حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِم بْن بِشْر بْن مَعْرُوف حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَة بْن سِوَار حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن الْمُحْرِم قَالَ لَقِيَتْ عَطَاء بْن أَبِي رَبَاح فَحَدَّثَنِي قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي جَابِر بْن عَبْد اللَّه أَنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَان خَرَجَ مِنْ مَكَّة فَأَتَى جِبْرِيلُ رَسُولَ اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَان بِمَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَان فِي مَوْضِع كَذَا وَكَذَا فَاخْرُجُوا إِلَيْهِ وَاكْتُمُوا " فَكَتَبَ رَجُل مِنْ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِلَيْهِ إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يُرِيدكُمْ فَخُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " لَا تَخُونُوا اللَّه وَالرَّسُول وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ " الْآيَة هَذَا حَدِيث غَرِيب جِدًّا وَفِي سَنَدِهِ وَسِيَاقه نَظَرٌ . وَفِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ قِصَّة حَاطِب بْن أَبِي بَلْتَعَة أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى قُرَيْش يُعْلِمهُمْ بِقَصْدِ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِيَّاهُمْ عَام الْفَتْح فَأَطْلَعَ اللَّه رَسُوله عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَبَعَثَ فِي أَثَر الْكِتَاب فَاسْتَرْجَعَهُ وَاسْتَحْضَرَ حَاطِبًا فَأَقَرَّ بِمَا صَنَعَ وَفِيهَا فَقَامَ عُمَر بْن الْخَطَّاب فَقَالَ يَا رَسُول اللَّه : أَلَا أَضْرِب عُنُقه فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ خَانَ اللَّه وَرَسُوله وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ فَقَالَ " دَعْهُ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا يُدْرِيك لَعَلَّ اللَّه اِطَّلَعَ عَلَى أَهْل بَدْر فَقَالَ اِعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْت لَكُمْ " قُلْت وَالصَّحِيح أَنَّ الْآيَة عَامَّة وَإِنْ صَحَّ أَنَّهَا وَرَدَتْ عَلَى سَبَب خَاصّ فَالْأَخْذ بِعُمُومِ اللَّفْظ لَا بِخُصُوصِ السَّبَب عِنْد الْجَمَاهِير مِنْ الْعُلَمَاء . وَالْخِيَانَة تَعُمّ الذُّنُوب الصِّغَار وَالْكِبَار اللَّازِمَة وَالْمُتَعَدِّيَة . وَقَالَ عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَلْحَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس " وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ " الْأَمَانَة الْأَعْمَال الَّتِي اِئْتَمَنَ اللَّه عَلَيْهَا الْعِبَاد يَعْنِي الْفَرِيضَة يَقُول " لَا تَخُونُوا " لَا تَنْقُضُوهَا وَقَالَ فِي رِوَايَة " لَا تَخُونُوا اللَّه وَالرَّسُول " يَقُول بِتَرْكِ سُنَّتِهِ وَارْتِكَاب مَعْصِيَته . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّد بْن إِسْحَاق حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّد بْن جَعْفَر بْن الزُّبَيْر عَنْ عُرْوَة بْن الزُّبَيْر فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَة أَيْ لَا تُظْهِرُوا لَهُ مِنْ الْحَقّ مَا يَرْضَى بِهِ مِنْكُمْ ثُمَّ تُخَالِفُوهُ فِي السِّرّ إِلَى غَيْره فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ هَلَاك لِأَمَانَاتِكُمْ وَخِيَانَة لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ . وَقَالَ السُّدِّيّ : إِذَا خَانُوا اللَّه وَالرَّسُول فَقَدْ خَانُوا أَمَانَاتِهِمْ . وَقَالَ أَيْضًا كَانُوا يَسْمَعُونَ مِنْ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْحَدِيث فَيُفْشُونَهُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَالَ عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن زَيْد نَهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَخُونُوا اللَّه وَالرَّسُول كَمَا صَنَعَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ .
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