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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة المائدة - الآية 110

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ اذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَتِكَ إِذْ أَيَّدتُّكَ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ تُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فِي الْمَهْدِ وَكَهْلًا ۖ وَإِذْ عَلَّمْتُكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنجِيلَ ۖ وَإِذْ تَخْلُقُ مِنَ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ بِإِذْنِي فَتَنفُخُ فِيهَا فَتَكُونُ طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِي ۖ وَتُبْرِئُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ بِإِذْنِي ۖ وَإِذْ تُخْرِجُ الْمَوْتَىٰ بِإِذْنِي ۖ وَإِذْ كَفَفْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنكَ إِذْ جِئْتَهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُّبِينٌ (110) (المائدة) mp3
يَذْكُر تَعَالَى مَا اِمْتَنَّ بِهِ عَلَى عَبْده وَرَسُوله عِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام مِمَّا أَجْرَاهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مِنْ الْمُعْجِزَات الْبَاهِرَات وَخَوَارِق الْعَادَات فَقَالَ اُذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْك أَيْ فِي خَلْقِي إِيَّاكَ مِنْ أُمّ بِلَا ذَكَرٍ وَجَعْلِي إِيَّاكَ آيَة وَدَلَالَة قَاطِعَة عَلَى كَمَال قُدْرَتِي عَلَى الْأَشْيَاء وَعَلَى وَالِدَتك حَيْثُ جَعَلْتُك لَهَا بُرْهَانًا عَلَى بَرَاءَتِهَا مِمَّا نَسَبَهُ الظَّالِمُونَ وَالْجَاهِلُونَ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ الْفَاحِشَة إِذْ أَيَّدْتُك بِرُوحِ الْقُدُس وَهُوَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام وَجَعَلْتُك نَبِيًّا دَاعِيًا إِلَى اللَّه فِي صِغَرك وَكِبَرك فَأَنْطَقْتُك فِي الْمَهْد صَغِيرًا فَشَهِدْت بِبَرَاءَةِ أُمّك مِنْ كُلّ عَيْب وَاعْتَرَفْت لِي بِالْعُبُودِيَّةِ وَأَخْبَرْت عَنْ رِسَالَتِي إِيَّاكَ وَدَعَوْت إِلَى عِبَادَتِي وَلِهَذَا قَالَ " تُكَلِّم النَّاس فِي الْمَهْد وَكَهْلًا " أَيْ تَدْعُو إِلَى اللَّه النَّاس فِي صِغَرك وَكِبَرك وَضَمَّنَ تُكَلِّم تَدْعُو لِأَنَّ كَلَامَهُ النَّاسَ فِي كُهُولَته لَيْسَ بِأَمْرٍ عَجِيب وَقَوْله " وَإِذْ عَلَّمْتُك الْكِتَاب وَالْحِكْمَة " أَيْ الْخَطّ وَالْفَهْم وَالتَّوْرَاة وَهِيَ الْمُنَزَّلَة عَلَى مُوسَى بْن عِمْرَان الْكَلِيم وَقَدْ يَرِد لَفْظ التَّوْرَاة فِي الْحَدِيث وَيُرَاد بِهِ مَا هُوَ أَعَمُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَوْله" وَإِذْ تَخْلُق مِنْ الطِّين كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْر بِإِذْنِي " أَيْ تُصَوِّرهُ وَتُشَكِّلهُ عَلَى هَيْئَة الطَّائِر بِإِذْنِي لَك فِي ذَلِكَ فَتَنْفُخ فِيهَا " فَتَكُون طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِي " أَيْ فَتَنْفُخ فِي تِلْكَ الصُّورَة الَّتِي شَكَّلْتهَا بِإِذْنِي لَك فِي ذَلِكَ فَتَكُون طَيْرًا ذَا رُوحٍ تَطِير بِإِذْنِ اللَّه وَخَلْقه . وَقَوْله تَعَالَى " وَتُبْرِئ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَص بِإِذْنِي " قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ الْكَلَام عَلَيْهِ فِي سُورَة آل عِمْرَان بِمَا أَغْنَى عَنْ إِعَادَته. وَقَوْله " وَإِذْ تُخْرِج الْمَوْتَى بِإِذْنِي " أَيْ تَدْعُوهُمْ فَيَقُومُونَ مِنْ قُبُورهمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّه وَقُدْرَته وَإِرَادَته وَمَشِيئَته وَقَدْ قَالَ اِبْن أَبِي حَاتِم : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا مَالِك بْن إِسْمَاعِيل حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن طَلْحَة يَعْنِي اِبْن مُصَرِّف عَنْ أَبِي بِشْر عَنْ أَبِي الْهُذَيْل قَالَ : كَانَ عِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ يَقْرَأ فِي الْأُولَى تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ الْمُلْك وَفِي الثَّانِيَة الم تَنْزِيل السَّجْدَة فَإِذَا فَرَغَ مِنْهُمَا مَدَحَ اللَّه وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِسَبْعَةِ أَسْمَاء : يَا قَدِيم يَا خَفِيّ يَا دَائِم يَا فَرْد يَا وِتْر يَا أَحَد يَا صَمَد وَكَانَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُ شِدَّة دَعَا بِسَبْعَةٍ أُخَر : يَا حَيّ يَا قَيُّوم يَا اللَّه يَا رَحْمَن يَا ذَا الْجَلَال وَالْإِكْرَام يَا نُور السَّمَوَات وَالْأَرْض وَمَا بَيْنهمَا وَرَبّ الْعَرْش الْعَظِيم يَا رَبّ وَهَذَا أَثَر عَظِيم جِدًّا . وَقَوْله تَعَالَى " وَإِذْ كَفَفْت بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل عَنْك إِذْ جِئْتهمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ إِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا سِحْر مُبِين" أَيْ وَاذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْك فِي كَفِّي إِيَّاهُمْ عَنْك حِين جِئْتهمْ بِالْبَرَاهِينِ وَالْحُجَج الْقَاطِعَة عَلَى نُبُوَّتك وَرِسَالَتك مِنْ اللَّه إِلَيْهِمْ فَكَذَّبُوك وَاتَّهَمُوك بِأَنَّك سَاحِر وَسَعَوْا فِي قَتْلك وَصَلْبك فَنَجَّيْتُك مِنْهُمْ وَرَفَعْتُك إِلَيَّ وَطَهَّرْتُك مِنْ دَنَسهمْ وَكَفَيْتُك شَرَّهُمْ وَهَذَا يَدُلّ عَلَى أَنَّ هَذَا الِامْتِنَان كَانَ مِنْ اللَّه إِلَيْهِ بَعْد رَفْعه إِلَى السَّمَاء الدُّنْيَا أَوْ يَكُون هَذَا الِامْتِنَان وَاقِعًا يَوْم الْقِيَامَة وَعَبَّرَ عَنْهُ بِصِيغَةِ الْمَاضِي دَلَالَة عَلَى وُقُوعه لَا مَحَالَة وَهَذَا مِنْ أَسْرَار الْغُيُوب الَّتِي أَطْلَعَ اللَّه عَلَيْهَا نَبِيَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .
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