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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة النساء - الآية 5

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَامًا وَارْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَاكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا (5) (النساء) mp3
يَنْهَى سُبْحَانه وَتَعَالَى عَنْ تَمْكِين السُّفَهَاء مِنْ التَّصَرُّف فِي الْأَمْوَال الَّتِي جَعَلَهَا اللَّه لِلنَّاسِ قِيَامًا أَيْ تَقُوم بِهَا مَعَايِشهمْ مِنْ التِّجَارَات وَغَيْرهَا. وَمِنْ هَهُنَا يُؤْخَذ الْحَجْر عَلَى السُّفَهَاء وَهُمْ أَقْسَام فَتَارَة يَكُون الْحَجْر لِلصَّغِيرِ فَإِنَّ الصَّغِير مَسْلُوب الْعِبَارَة وَتَارَة يَكُون الْحَجْر لِلْجُنُونِ وَتَارَة لِسُوءِ التَّصَرُّف لِنَقْصِ الْعَقْل أَوْ الدِّين وَتَارَة لِلْفَلَسِ وَهُوَ مَا إِذَا أَحَاطَتْ الدُّيُون بِرَجُلٍ وَضَاقَ مَاله عَنْ وَفَائِهَا فَإِذَا سَأَلَ الْغُرَمَاء الْحَاكِم الْحَجْر عَلَيْهِ حَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ . وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاك عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس فِي قَوْله " وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاء أَمْوَالكُمْ " قَالَ هُمْ بَنُوك وَالنِّسَاء وَكَذَا قَالَ اِبْن مَسْعُود وَالْحَكَم بْن عُيَيْنَة وَالْحَسَن وَالضَّحَّاك هُمْ النِّسَاء وَالصِّبْيَان وَقَالَ سَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر هُمْ الْيَتَامَى . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِد وَعِكْرِمَة وَقَتَادَة هُمْ النِّسَاء . وَقَالَ اِبْن أَبِي حَاتِم حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا هِشَام بْن عَمَّار حَدَّثَنَا صَدَقَة بْن خَالِد حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَان بْن أَبِي الْعَاتِكَة عَنْ عَلِيّ بْن يَزِيد عَنْ الْقَاسِم عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَة قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِنَّ النِّسَاء سُفَهَاء إِلَّا الَّتِي أَطَاعَتْ قَيِّمهَا " . وَرَوَاهُ اِبْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ مُطَوَّلًا . وَقَالَ اِبْن أَبِي حَاتِم ذُكِرَ عَنْ مُسْلِم بْن إِبْرَاهِيم حَدَّثَنَا حَرْب بْن شُرَيْح عَنْ مُعَاوِيَة بْن قُرَّة عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة " وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاء أَمْوَالكُمْ " قَالَ هُمْ الْخَدَم وَهُمْ شَيَاطِين الْإِنْس وَقَوْله " وَارْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَاكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا " قَالَ عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَلْحَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس يَقُول : لَا تَعْمِد إِلَى مَالك وَمَا خَوَّلَك اللَّه وَجَعَلَهُ لَك مَعِيشَة فَتُعْطِيه اِمْرَأَتك أَوْ بِنْتك ثُمَّ تَنْظُر إِلَى مَا فِي أَيْدِيهمْ وَلَكِنْ أَمْسِكْ مَالك وَأَصْلِحْهُ وَكُنْ أَنْتَ الَّذِي تُنْفِق عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ كِسْوَتهمْ وَمُؤْنَتهمْ وَرِزْقهمْ. وَقَالَ اِبْن جَرِير حَدَّثَنَا اِبْن الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن جَعْفَر حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَة عَنْ فِرَاس عَنْ الشَّعْبِيّ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَة عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ ثَلَاثَة يَدْعُونَ اللَّه فَلَا يَسْتَجِيب لَهُمْ رَجُل لَهُ اِمْرَأَة سَيِّئَة الْخُلُق فَلَمْ يُطَلِّقهَا وَرَجُل أَعْطَى مَاله سَفِيهًا وَقَدْ قَالَ " وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاء أَمْوَالكُمْ " وَرَجُل كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُل دَيْن فَلَمْ يُشْهِد عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ مُجَاهِد " وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا " يَعْنِي فِي الْبِرّ وَالصِّلَة . وَهَذِهِ الْآيَة الْكَرِيمَة تَضَمَّنَتْ الْإِحْسَان إِلَى الْعَائِلَة وَمَنْ تَحْت الْحَجْر بِالْفِعْلِ مِنْ الْإِنْفَاق فِي الْكَسَاَوِي وَالْأَرْزَاق بِالْكَلَامِ الطَّيِّب وَتَحْسِين الْأَخْلَاق .
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