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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة النساء - الآية 2

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَآتُوا الْيَتَامَىٰ أَمْوَالَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْخَبِيثَ بِالطَّيِّبِ ۖ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَىٰ أَمْوَالِكُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوبًا كَبِيرًا (2) (النساء) mp3
يَأْمُر تَعَالَى بِدَفْعِ أَمْوَال الْيَتَامَى إِلَيْهِمْ إِذَا بَلَغُوا الْحُلُم كَامِلَة مُوَفَّرَة وَيَنْهَى عَنْ أَكْلهَا وَضَمّهَا إِلَى أَمْوَالهمْ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ " وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْخَبِيث بِالطَّيِّبِ " قَالَ سُفْيَان الثَّوْرِيّ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِح : لَا تَعْجَل بِالرِّزْقِ الْحَرَام قَبْل أَنْ يَأْتِيك الرِّزْق الْحَلَال الَّذِي قُدِّرَ لَك وَقَالَ سَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر : لَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْحَرَام مِنْ أَمْوَال النَّاس بِالْحَلَالِ مِنْ أَمْوَالكُمْ يَقُول : لَا تَبَدَّلُوا أَمْوَالكُمْ الْحَلَال وَتَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالهمْ الْحَرَام وَقَالَ سَعِيد بْن الْمُسَيِّب وَالزُّهْرِيّ : لَا تُعْطِ مَهْزُولًا وَتَأْخُذ سَمِينًا . وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيم النَّخَعِيّ وَالضَّحَّاك : لَا تُعْطِ زَيْفًا وَتَأْخُذ جَيِّدًا . وَقَالَ السُّدِّيّ : كَانَ أَحَدهمْ يَأْخُذ الشَّاة السَّمِينَة مِنْ غَنَم الْيَتِيم وَيَجْعَل مَكَانهَا الشَّاة الْمَهْزُولَة وَيَقُول : شَاة بِشَاةٍ وَيَأْخُذ الدِّرْهَم الْجَيِّد وَيَطْرَح مَكَانه الزَّيْف يَقُول دِرْهَم بِدِرْهَمٍ . وَقَوْله " وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالهمْ إِلَى أَمْوَالكُمْ " قَالَ مُجَاهِد وَسَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر وَابْن سِيرِينَ وَمُقَاتِل بْن حَيَّان وَالسُّدِّيّ وَسُفْيَان بْن حُسَيْن : أَيْ لَا تَخْلِطُوهَا فَتَأْكُلُوهَا جَمِيعًا . وَقَوْله " إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوبًا كَبِيرًا " قَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : أَيْ إِثْمًا عَظِيمًا . وَرَوَى اِبْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة قَالَ : سُئِلَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ قَوْله " حُوبًا كَبِيرًا " قَالَ " إِثْمًا كَبِيرًا " وَلَكِنْ فِي إِسْنَاده مُحَمَّد بْن يُوسُف الْكِنْدِيّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيف وَرُوِيَ هَكَذَا عَنْ مُجَاهِد وَعِكْرِمَة وَسَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر وَالْحَسَن وَابْن سِيرِينَ وَقَتَادَة وَمُقَاتِل بْن حَيَّان وَالضَّحَّاك وَأَبِي مَالِك وَزَيْد بْن أَسْلَم وَأَبِي سِنَان مِثْل قَوْل اِبْن عَبَّاس وَفِي الْحَدِيث الْمَرْوِيّ فِي سُنَن أَبِي دَاوُد " اِغْفِرْ لَنَا حُوبنَا وَخَطَايَانَا " وَرَوَى اِبْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَى وَاصِل مَوْلَى عُيَيْنَة عَنْ اِبْن سِيرِينَ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس : أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوب طَلَّقَ اِمْرَأَته فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " يَا أَبَا أَيُّوب إِنَّ طَلَاق أُمّ أَيُّوب كَانَ حُوبًا " قَالَ اِبْن سِيرِينَ : الْحُوب الْإِثْم . ثُمَّ قَالَ اِبْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْد الْبَاقِي حَدَّثَنَا بِشْر بْن مُوسَى حَدَّثَنَا هَوْدَة بْن خَلِيفَة حَدَّثَنَا عَوْف عَنْ أَنَس أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوب أَرَادَ طَلَاق أُمّ أَيُّوب فَاسْتَأْذَنَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ " إِنَّ طَلَاق أُمّ أَيُّوب لَحُوب" فَأَمْسَكَهَا ثُمَّ رَوَى اِبْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ وَالْحَاكِم فِي مُسْتَدْرَكه مِنْ حَدِيث عَلِيّ بْن عَاصِم عَنْ حُمَيْد الطَّوِيل سَمِعْت أَنَس بْن مَالِك أَيْضًا يَقُول : أَرَادَ أَبُو طَلْحَة أَنْ يُطَلِّق أُمّ سُلَيْم اِمْرَأَته فَقَالَ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِنَّ طَلَاق أُمّ سُلَيْم لَحُوب " فَكَفَّ . وَالْمَعْنَى : إِنَّ أَكْلكُمْ أَمْوَالهمْ مَعَ أَمْوَالكُمْ إِثْم عَظِيم وَخَطَأ كَبِير فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ .
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