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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة الأحزاب - الآية 13

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَإِذْ قَالَت طَّائِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا ۚ وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمُ النَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ ۖ إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا (13) (الأحزاب) mp3
وَقَوْم آخَرُونَ قَالُوا كَمَا قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى " وَإِذْ قَالَتْ طَائِفَة مِنْهُمْ يَا أَهْل يَثْرِب " يَعْنِي الْمَدِينَة كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الصَّحِيح " أُرِيت فِي الْمَنَام دَار هِجْرَتكُمْ أَرْض بَيْن حَرَّتَيْنِ فَذَهَبَ وَهَلِي أَنَّهَا هَجَر فَإِذَا هِيَ يَثْرِب " وَفِي لَفْظٍ الْمَدِينَة فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيث الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الْإِمَام أَحْمَد حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيم بْن مَهْدِيّ حَدَّثَنَا صَالِح بْن عُمَر عَنْ يَزِيد بْن أَبِي زِيَاد عَنْ عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنْ الْبَرَاء رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " مَنْ سَمَّى الْمَدِينَة يَثْرِب فَلْيَسْتَغْفِرْ اللَّه تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا هِيَ طَابَة هِيَ طَابَة" تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ الْإِمَام أَحْمَد وَفِي إِسْنَاده ضَعْف وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم وَيُقَال إِنَّمَا كَانَ أَصْل تَسْمِيَتهَا يَثْرِب بِرَجُلٍ نَزَلَهَا مِنْ الْعَمَالِيق يُقَال لَهُ يَثْرِب بْن عُبَيْد بْن مهلاييل بْن عَوْص بْن عِمْلَاق بْن لاوذ بْن إِرَم بْن سَام بْن نُوح . قَالَهُ السُّهَيْلِيّ قَالَ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ بَعْضهمْ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ لَهَا فِي التَّوْرَاة أَحَد عَشَر اِسْمًا : الْمَدِينَة وَطَابَة وَطَيْبَة وَالْمِسْكِينَة وَالْجَابِرَة وَالْمُحَبَّة وَالْمَحْبُوبَة وَالْقَاصِمَة وَالْمَجْبُورَة وَالْعَذْرَاء وَالْمَرْحُومَة . وَعَنْ كَعْب الْأَحْبَار قَالَ : إِنَّا نَجِد فِي التَّوْرَاة يَقُول اللَّه تَعَالَى لِلْمَدِينَةِ يَا طَيْبَة وَيَا طَابَة وَيَا مِسْكِينَة لَا تُقِلِّي الْكُنُوز أَرْفَع أَحَاجِرك عَلَى أَحَاجِر الْقُرَى وَقَوْله " لَا مَقَام لَكُمْ " أَيْ هَهُنَا يَعْنُونَ عِنْد النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي مَقَام الْمُرَابَطَة " فَارْجِعُوا " أَيْ إِلَى بُيُوتكُمْ وَمَنَازِلكُمْ" وَيَسْتَأْذِن فَرِيق مِنْهُمْ النَّبِيّ " قَالَ الْعَوْفِيّ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُمَا هُمْ بَنُو حَارِثَة قَالُوا بُيُوتنَا نَخَاف عَلَيْهَا السُّرَّاق وَكَذَا قَالَ غَيْر وَاحِد وَذَكَر اِبْن إِسْحَاق أَنَّ الْقَائِل لِذَلِكَ هُوَ أَوْس بْن قَيْظِيّ يَعْنِي اِعْتَذَرُوا فِي الرُّجُوع إِلَى مَنَازِلهمْ بِأَنَّهَا عَوْرَة أَيْ لَيْسَ دُونهَا مَا يَحْجُبهَا مِنْ الْعَدُوّ فَهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْهُمْ قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى " وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ " أَيْ لَيْسَتْ كَمَا يَزْعُمُونَ " إِنْ يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا " أَيْ هَرَبًا مِنْ الزَّحْف .
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