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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة البقرة - الآية 75

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَن يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِن بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ (75) (البقرة) mp3
يَقُول تَعَالَى " أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ " أَيّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ" أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ " أَيْ يَنْقَاد لَكُمْ بِالطَّاعَةِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْفِرْقَة الضَّالَّة مِنْ الْيَهُود الَّذِينَ شَاهَدَ آبَاؤُهُمْ مِنْ الْآيَات الْبَيِّنَات مَا شَاهَدُوهُ ثُمَّ قَسَتْ قُلُوبهمْ مِنْ بَعْد ذَلِكَ " وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيق مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَام اللَّه ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ " أَيْ يَتَأَوَّلُونَهُ عَلَى غَيْر تَأْوِيله" مِنْ بَعْد مَا عَقَلُوهُ " أَيْ فَهِمُوهُ عَلَى الْجَلِيَّة وَمَعَ هَذَا يُخَالِفُونَهُ عَلَى بَصِيرَة " وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ " أَنَّهُمْ مُخْطِئُونَ فِيمَا ذَهَبُوا إِلَيْهِ مِنْ تَحْرِيفه وَتَأْوِيله وَهَذَا الْمَقَام شَبِيه بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى " فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثَاقهمْ لَعَنَّاهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَا قُلُوبهمْ قَاسِيَة يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعه " قَالَ مُحَمَّد بْن إِسْحَاق حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّد بْن أَبِي مُحَمَّد عَنْ عِكْرِمَة أَوْ سَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس أَنَّهُ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَلِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُؤَيِّسهُمْ مِنْهُمْ " أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيق مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَام اللَّه " وَلَيْسَ قَوْله لَيَسْمَعُونَ التَّوْرَاة كُلّهمْ قَدْ سَمِعَهَا وَلَكِنْ هُمْ الَّذِينَ سَأَلُوا مُوسَى رُؤْيَة رَبّهمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ الصَّاعِقَة فِيهَا . وَقَالَ مُحَمَّد بْن إِسْحَاق فِيمَا حَدَّثَنِي بَعْض أَهْل الْعِلْم أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لِمُوسَى يَا مُوسَى قَدْ حِيلَ بَيْننَا وَبَيْن رُؤْيَة رَبّنَا تَعَالَى فَأَسْمِعْنَا كَلَامه حِين يُكَلِّمك فَطَلَبَ ذَلِكَ مُوسَى إِلَى رَبّه تَعَالَى فَقَالَ نَعَمْ مُرْهُمْ فَلْيَتَطَهَّرُوا وَلْيُطَهِّرُوا ثِيَابهمْ وَيَصُومُوا فَفَعَلُوا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بِهِمْ حَتَّى أَتَوْا الطُّور فَلَمَّا غَشِيَهُمْ الْغَمَام أَمَرَهُمْ مُوسَى أَنْ يَسْجُدُوا فَوَقَعُوا سُجُودًا وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبّه فَسَمِعُوا كَلَامه يَأْمُرهُمْ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ حَتَّى عَقَلُوا مِنْهُ مَا سَمِعُوا ثُمَّ اِنْصَرَفَ بِهِمْ إِلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ حَرَّفَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ وَقَالُوا حِين قَالَ مُوسَى لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيل إِنَّ اللَّه قَدْ أَمَرَكُمْ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ الْفَرِيق الَّذِينَ ذَكَرَهُمْ اللَّه إِنَّمَا قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا خِلَافًا لِمَا قَالَ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَهُمْ فَهُمْ الَّذِينَ عَنَى اللَّه لِرَسُولِهِ - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ السُّدِّيّ" وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيق مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَام اللَّه ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ" قَالَ هِيَ التَّوْرَاة حَرَّفُوهَا وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ السُّدِّيّ أَعَمّ مِمَّا ذَكَرَهُ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَابْن إِسْحَاق وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ اِخْتَارَهُ اِبْن جَرِير لِظَاهِرِ السِّيَاق فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ يَلْزَم مِنْ سَمَاع كَلَام اللَّه أَنْ يَكُون مِنْهُ كَمَا سَمِعَهُ الْكَلِيم مُوسَى بْن عِمْرَان عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاة وَالسَّلَام وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى " وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اِسْتَجَارَك فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ " أَيْ مُبَلَّغًا إِلَيْهِ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَة فِي قَوْله ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِنْ بَعْد مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ " قَالَ هُمْ الْيَهُود كَانُوا يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَام اللَّه ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِنْ بَعْد مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَوَعَوْهُ وَقَالَ مُجَاهِد الَّذِينَ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ وَاَلَّذِينَ يَكْتُمُونَهُ هُمْ الْعُلَمَاء مِنْهُمْ وَقَالَ : أَبُو الْعَالِيَة عَمَدُوا إِلَى مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّه فِي كِتَابهمْ مِنْ نَعْت مُحَمَّد - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَحَرَّفُوهُ عَنْ مَوَاضِعه وَقَالَ السُّدِّيّ" وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ " أَيْ أَنَّهُمْ أَذْنَبُوا وَقَالَ اِبْن وَهْب قَالَ : اِبْن زَيْد فِي قَوْله " يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَام اللَّه ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ" قَالَ : التَّوْرَاة الَّتِي أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ يُحَرِّفُونَهَا يَجْعَلُونَ الْحَلَال فِيهَا حَرَامًا وَالْحَرَام فِيهَا حَلَالًا وَالْحَقّ فِيهَا بَاطِلًا وَالْبَاطِل فِيهَا حَقًّا وَإِذَا جَاءَهُمْ الْمُحِقّ بِرِشْوَةٍ أَخْرَجُوا لَهُ كِتَاب اللَّه وَإِذَا جَاءَهُمْ الْمُبْطِل بِرِشْوَةٍ أَخْرَجُوا لَهُ ذَلِكَ الْكِتَاب فَهُوَ فِيهِ مُحِقّ وَإِذَا جَاءَهُمْ أَحَد يَسْأَلهُمْ شَيْئًا لَيْسَ فِيهِ حَقّ وَلَا رِشْوَة وَلَا شَيْء أَمَرُوهُ بِالْحَقِّ فَقَالَ اللَّه لَهُمْ" أَتَأْمُرُونَ النَّاس بِالْبِرِّ وَتَنْسَوْنَ أَنْفُسكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَتْلُونَ الْكِتَاب أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ " .
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