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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة البقرة - الآية 253

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۘ مِّنْهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ ۖ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ ۚ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ ۗ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِن بَعْدِهِم مِّن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَٰكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُم مَّن كَفَرَ ۚ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا وَلَٰكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ (253) (البقرة) mp3
يُخْبِر تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْض الرُّسُل عَلَى بَعْض كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى " وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْض النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَى بَعْض وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُد زَبُورًا " وَقَالَ هَاهُنَا " تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضهمْ عَلَى بَعْض مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللَّه" يَعْنِي مُوسَى وَمُحَمَّدًا - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَكَذَلِكَ آدَم كَمَا وَرَدَ بِهِ الْحَدِيث الْمَرْوِيّ فِي صَحِيح اِبْن حِبَّان عَنْ أَبِي ذَرّ - رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ - " وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَات " كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي حَدِيث الْإِسْرَاء حِين رَأَى النَّبِيّ - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْأَنْبِيَاء فِي السَّمَوَات بِحَسَبِ تَفَاوُت مَنَازِلهمْ عِنْد اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " فَإِنَّ قِيلَ " فَمَا الْجَمْعُ بَيْن هَذِهِ الْآيَة وَبَيْن الْحَدِيث الثَّابِت فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة قَالَ : اِسْتَبَّ رَجُل مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَرَجُل مِنْ الْيَهُود فَقَالَ الْيَهُودِيّ فِي قَسَم يُقْسِمهُ : لَا وَاَلَّذِي اِصْطَفَى مُوسَى عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ فَرَفَعَ الْمُسْلِم يَده فَلَطَمَ بِهَا وَجْه الْيَهُودِيّ فَقَالَ : أَيْ خَبِيث ؟ وَعَلَى مُحَمَّد صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ فَجَاءَ الْيَهُودِيّ إِلَى النَّبِيّ - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَاشْتَكَى عَلَى الْمُسْلِم فَقَالَ رَسُول اللَّه - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاء فَإِنَّ النَّاس يُصْعَقُونَ يَوْم الْقِيَامَة فَأَكُون أَوَّل مَنْ يُفِيق فَأَجِد مُوسَى بَاطِشًا بِقَائِمَةِ الْعَرْش فَلَا أَدْرِي أَفَاقَ قَبْلِي أَمْ جُوزِيَ بِصَعْقَةِ الطُّور ؟ فَلَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاء " وَفِي رِوَايَة" لَا تُفَضِّلُوا بَيْن الْأَنْبِيَاء " فَالْجَوَاب مِنْ وُجُوه " أَحَدُهَا " أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْل أَنْ يَعْلَم بِالتَّفْضِيلِ وَفِي هَذَا نَظَر " الثَّانِي " أَنَّ هَذَا قَالَهُ مِنْ بَاب الْهَضْم وَالتَّوَاضُع" الثَّالِثُ " أَنَّ هَذَا نَهْي عَنْ التَّفْضِيل فِي مِثْل هَذِهِ الْحَال الَّتِي تَحَاكَمُوا فِيهَا عِنْد التَّخَاصُم وَالتَّشَاجُر" الرَّابِعُ " لَا تُفَضِّلُوا بِمُجَرَّدِ الْآرَاء وَالْعَصَبِيَّة" الْخَامِسُ " لَيْسَ مَقَام التَّفْضِيل إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَى اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعَلَيْكُمْ الِانْقِيَاد وَالتَّسْلِيم لَهُ وَالْإِيمَان بِهِ . وَقَوْله " وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى اِبْن مَرْيَم الْبَيِّنَات " أَيْ الْحُجَج وَالدَّلَائِل الْقَاطِعَات عَلَى صِحَّة مَا جَاءَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل بِهِ مِنْ أَنَّهُ عَبْد اللَّه وَرَسُوله إِلَيْهِمْ " وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ " يَعْنِي أَنَّ اللَّه أَيَّدَهُ بِجِبْرِيل عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى " وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اِقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمْ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَكِنْ اِخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّه مَا اِقْتَتَلُوا " أَيْ كُلّ ذَلِكَ عَنْ قَضَاء اللَّه وَقَدَره وَلِهَذَا قَالَ " وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ " .
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