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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة البقرة - الآية 250

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَلَمَّا بَرَزُوا لِجَالُوتَ وَجُنُودِهِ قَالُوا رَبَّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَانصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ (250) (البقرة) mp3
أَيْ لَمَّا وَاجَهَ حِزْب الْإِيمَان وَهُمْ قَلِيل مِنْ أَصْحَاب طَالُوت لِعَدُوِّهِمْ أَصْحَاب جَالُوت وَهُمْ عَدَد كَثِير قَالُوا" رَبّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا " أَيْ أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا مِنْ عِنْدك " وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامنَا " أَيْ فِي لِقَاء الْأَعْدَاء وَجَنِّبْنَا الْفِرَار وَالْعَجْز " وَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْم الْكَافِرِينَ فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّه " قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى " فَهَزَمُوهُمْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّه " أَيْ غَلَبُوهُمْ وَقَهَرُوهُمْ بِنَصْرِ اللَّه لَهُمْ" وَقَتَلَ دَاوُد جَالُوتَ " ذَكَرُوا فِي الْإِسْرَائِيلِيَّات أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ بِمِقْلَاعٍ كَانَ فِي يَده رَمَاهُ بِهِ فَأَصَابَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ وَكَانَ طَالُوت قَدْ وَعَدَهُ إِنْ قَتَلَ جَالُوت أَنْ يُزَوِّجهُ اِبْنَته وَيُشَاطِرهُ نِعْمَته وَيُشْرِكهُ فِي أَمْره فَوَفَّى لَهُ ثُمَّ آلَ الْمُلْك إِلَى دَاوُد عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام مَعَ مَا مَنَحَهُ اللَّه بِهِ مِنْ النُّبُوَّة الْعَظِيمَة وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى" وَآتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْمُلْك " الَّذِي كَانَ بِيَدِ طَالُوت " وَالْحِكْمَة" أَيْ النُّبُوَّة بَعْد شمويل " وَعَلَّمَهُ مِمَّا يَشَاء " أَيْ مِمَّا يَشَاء اللَّه مِنْ الْعِلْم الَّذِي اِخْتَصَّهُ بِهِ - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى " وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتْ الْأَرْضُ " أَيْ لَوْلَا اللَّه يَدْفَع عَنْ قَوْم بِآخَرِينَ كَمَا دَفَعَ عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيل بِمُقَاتَلَةِ طَالُوت وَشَجَاعَة دَاوُد لَهَلَكُوا كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى" وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّه النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَهُدِّمَتْ صَوَامِعُ وَبِيَعٌ وَصَلَوَاتٌ وَمَسَاجِدُ يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا اِسْمُ اللَّه كَثِيرًا " الْآيَة . وَقَالَ اِبْن جَرِير : حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو حُمَيْد الْحِمْصِيّ أَحَد بَنِي الْمُغِيرَة حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْن سَعِيد حَدَّثَنَا حَفْص بْن سُلَيْمَان عَنْ مُحَمَّد بْن سُوقَة عَنْ وَبَرَة بْن عَبْد الرَّحْمَن عَنْ اِبْن عُمَر قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِنَّ اللَّه لَيَدْفَع بِالْمُسْلِمِ الصَّالِح عَنْ مِائَة أَهْل بَيْت مِنْ جِيرَانه الْبَلَاء ثُمَّ قَرَأَ اِبْن عُمَر " وَلَوْلَا دَفْعُ اللَّهِ النَّاسَ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ لَفَسَدَتْ الْأَرْضُ " وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ ضَعِيفٌ فَإِنَّ يَحْيَى بْن سَعِيد هَذَا هُوَ اِبْن الْعَطَّار الْحِمْصِيّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيف جِدًّا ثُمَّ قَالَ اِبْن جَرِير : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حُمَيْد الْحِمْصِيّ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْن سَعِيد حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَان بْن عَبْد الرَّحْمَن عَنْ مُحَمَّد بْن الْمُنْكَدِر عَنْ جَابِر بْن عَبْد اللَّه قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِنَّ اللَّه لَيُصْلِحُ بِصَلَاحِ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ وَلَدَهُ وَوَلَدَ وَلَدِهِ وَأَهْلَ دُوَيْرَته وَدُوَيْرَات حَوْله وَلَا يَزَالُونَ فِي حِفْظ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَا دَامَ فِيهِمْ وَهَذَا أَيْضًا غَرِيبٌ ضَعِيفٌ لِمَا تَقَدَّمَ أَيْضًا وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْر بْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن أَحْمَد بْن إِبْرَاهِيم حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيّ بْن إِسْمَاعِيل بْن حَمَّاد أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَد بْن مُحَمَّد بْن يَحْيَى بْن سَعِيد أَخْبَرَنَا زَيْد بْن الْحُبَاب حَدَّثَنِي حَمَّاد بْن زَيْد عَنْ أَيُّوب عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَة عَنْ أَبِي السَّمَّان عَنْ ثَوْبَان رَفَعَ الْحَدِيث قَالَ لَا يَزَال فِيكُمْ سَبْعَة بِهِمْ تُنْصَرُونَ وَبِهِمْ تُمْطَرُونَ وَبِهِمْ تُرْزَقُونَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ أَمْرُ اللَّه وَقَالَ اِبْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ أَيْضًا وَحَدَّثْنَا مُحَمَّد بْن أَحْمَد حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن جَرِير بْن يَزِيد حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاذ نَهَار بْن مُعَاذ بْن عُثْمَان اللَّيْثِيّ أَخْبَرَنَا زَيْد بْن الْحُبَاب أَخْبَرَنِي عُمَر الْبَزَّار عَنْ عَنْبَسَة الْخَوَاصّ عَنْ قَتَادَة عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَة عَنْ أَبِي الْأَشْعَث الصَّنْعَانِيّ عَنْ عُبَادَة بْن الصَّامِت قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - الْأَبْدَال فِي أُمَّتِي ثَلَاثُونَ : بِهِمْ تُرْزَقُونَ وَبِهِمْ تُمْطَرُونَ وَبِهِمْ تُنْصَرُونَ قَالَ قَتَادَة : إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُون الْحَسَن مِنْهُمْ . وَقَوْله " وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ " أَيْ ذُو مَنٍّ عَلَيْهِمْ وَرَحْمَة بِهِمْ يَدْفَع عَنْهُمْ بِبَعْضِهِمْ بَعْضًا وَلَهُ الْحُكْم وَالْحِكْمَة وَالْحُجَّة عَلَى خَلْقه فِي جَمِيع أَفْعَاله وَأَقْوَاله.
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