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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة البقرة - الآية 214

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَن تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُم مَّثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلِكُم ۖ مَّسَّتْهُمُ الْبَأْسَاءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ وَزُلْزِلُوا حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَىٰ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ ۗ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ (214) (البقرة) mp3
يَقُول تَعَالَى" أَمْ حَسِبْتُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا الْجَنَّة " قَبْل أَنْ تُبْتَلَوْا وَتُخْتَبَرُوا وَتُمْتَحَنُوا كَمَا فُعِلَ بِاَلَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلكُمْ مِنْ الْأُمَم وَلِهَذَا قَالَ " وَلَمَّا يَأْتِكُمْ مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلكُمْ مَسَّتْهُمْ الْبَأْسَاءُ وَالضَّرَّاءُ " وَهِيَ الْأَمْرَاض وَالْأَسْقَام وَالْآلَام وَالْمَصَائِب وَالنَّوَائِب . قَالَ اِبْن مَسْعُود وَابْن عَبَّاس وَأَبُو الْعَالِيَة وَمُجَاهِد وَسَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر وَمُرَّة الْهَمْدَانِيّ وَالْحَسَن وَقَتَادَة وَالضَّحَّاك وَالرَّبِيع وَالسُّدِّيّ وَمُقَاتِل بْن حَيَّان " الْبَأْسَاء" الْفَقْر " وَالضَّرَّاء " السَّقَم " وَزُلْزِلُوا " خُوِّفُوا مِنْ الْأَعْدَاء زِلْزَالًا شَدِيدًا وَامْتُحِنُوا اِمْتِحَانًا عَظِيمًا كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيث الصَّحِيح عَنْ خَبَّاب بْن الْأَرَتّ قَالَ : قُلْنَا يَا رَسُول اللَّه أَلَا تَسْتَنْصِر لَنَا أَلَا تَدْعُو اللَّه لَنَا فَقَالَ " إِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلكُمْ كَانَ أَحَدهمْ يُوضَع الْمِنْشَار عَلَى مَفْرِق رَأْسه فَيَخْلُص إِلَى قَدَمَيْهِ لَا يَصْرِفهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ دِينه وَيُمَشَّط بِأَمْشَاطِ الْحَدِيد مَا بَيْن لَحْمه وَعَظْمه لَا يَصْرِفهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ دِينه " ثُمَّ قَالَ " وَاَللَّه لَيُتِمَّنَّ اللَّه هَذَا الْأَمْر حَتَّى يَسِير الرَّاكِب مِنْ صَنْعَاء إِلَى حَضْرَمَوْت لَا يَخَاف إِلَّا اللَّه وَالذِّئْب عَلَى غَنَمه وَلَكِنَّكُمْ قَوْم تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ وَقَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى " الم أَحَسِبَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يُتْرَكُوا أَنْ يَقُولُوا آمَنَّا وَهُمْ لَا يُفْتَنُونَ وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلهمْ فَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا وَلَيَعْلَمَنَّ الْكَاذِبِينَ " وَقَدْ حَصَلَ مِنْ هَذَا جَانِب عَظِيم لِلصَّحَابَةِ رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُمْ فِي يَوْم الْأَحْزَاب كَمَا قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى " إِذْ جَاءُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْقكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَل مِنْكُمْ وَإِذْ زَاغَتْ الْأَبْصَار وَبَلَغَتْ الْقُلُوب الْحَنَاجِر وَتَظُنُّونَ بِاَللَّهِ الظُّنُونَا هُنَالِكَ اُبْتُلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَزُلْزِلُوا زِلْزَالًا شَدِيدًا وَإِذْ يَقُول الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَاَلَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبهمْ مَرَض مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّه وَرَسُوله إِلَّا غُرُورًا " الْآيَات . وَلَمَّا سَأَلَ هِرَقْل أَبَا سُفْيَان هَلْ قَاتَلْتُمُوهُ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : فَكَيْف كَانَتْ الْحَرْب بَيْنكُمْ ؟ قَالَ : سِجَالًا يُدَال عَلَيْنَا وَنُدَال عَلَيْهِ . قَالَ : كَذَلِكَ الرُّسُل تُبْتَلَى ثُمَّ تَكُون لَهَا الْعَاقِبَة . وَقَوْله " مَثَل الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِنْ قَبْلكُمْ" أَيْ سُنَّتهمْ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى " فَأَهْلَكْنَا أَشَدّ مِنْهُمْ بَطْشًا وَمَضَى مَثَلُ الْأَوَّلِينَ " وَقَوْله " وَزُلْزِلُوا حَتَّى يَقُول الرَّسُولُ وَاَلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللَّهِ" أَيْ يَسْتَفْتِحُونَ عَلَى أَعْدَائِهِمْ وَيَدْعُونَ بِقُرْبِ الْفَرْج وَالْمَخْرَج عِنْد ضِيق الْحَال وَالشِّدَّة . قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى" أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللَّه قَرِيبٌ " كَمَا قَالَ " فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْر يُسْرًا إِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْر يُسْرًا " وَكَمَا تَكُون الشِّدَّة يَنْزِلُ مِنْ النَّصْرِ مِثْلُهَا وَلِهَذَا قَالَ " أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْر اللَّه قَرِيب " وَفِي حَدِيث أَبِي رَزِين " عَجِبَ رَبُّك مِنْ قُنُوط عِبَاده وَقُرْب غَيْثه فَيَنْظُر إِلَيْهِمْ قَانِطِينَ فَيَظَلّ يَضْحَك يَعْلَم أَنَّ فَرَجَهُمْ قَرِيبٌ " الْحَدِيث .
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