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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة الكهف - الآية 21

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَعْثَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا إِذْ يَتَنَازَعُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَمْرَهُمْ ۖ فَقَالُوا ابْنُوا عَلَيْهِم بُنْيَانًا ۖ رَّبُّهُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِهِمْ ۚ قَالَ الَّذِينَ غَلَبُوا عَلَىٰ أَمْرِهِمْ لَنَتَّخِذَنَّ عَلَيْهِم مَّسْجِدًا (21) (الكهف) mp3
يَقُول تَعَالَى " وَكَذَلِكَ أَعْثَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ " أَيْ أَطْلَعْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ النَّاس " لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ وَعْد اللَّه حَقّ وَأَنَّ السَّاعَة لَا رَيْب فِيهَا " ذَكَرَ غَيْر وَاحِد مِنْ السَّلَف أَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ حَصَلَ لِأَهْلِ ذَلِكَ الزَّمَان شَكّ فِي الْبَعْث وَفِي أَمْر الْقِيَامَة وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَة : كَانَ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَة قَدْ قَالُوا تُبْعَث الْأَرْوَاح وَلَا تُبْعَث الْأَجْسَاد فَبَعَثَ اللَّه أَهْل الْكَهْف حُجَّة وَدَلَالَة وَآيَة عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَحَدهمْ الْخُرُوج لِيَذْهَب إِلَى الْمَدِينَة فِي شِرَاء شَيْء لَهُمْ لِيَأْكُلُوهُ تَنَكَّرَ وَخَرَجَ يَمْشِي فِي غَيْر الْجَادَّة حَتَّى اِنْتَهَى إِلَى الْمَدِينَة وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ اِسْمهَا دقسوس وَهُوَ يَظُنّ أَنَّهُ قَرِيب الْعَهْد بِهَا وَكَانَ النَّاس قَدْ تَبَدَّلُوا قَرْنًا بَعْد قَرْن وَجِيلًا بَعْد جِيل وَأُمَّة بَعْد أُمَّة وَتَغَيَّرَتْ الْبِلَاد وَمَنْ عَلَيْهَا كَمَا قَالَ الشَّاعِر : أَمَّا الدِّيَار فَإِنَّهَا كَدِيَارِهِمْ وَأَرَى رِجَال الْحَيّ غَيْر رِجَاله فَجَعَلَ لَا يَرَى شَيْئًا مِنْ مَعَالِم الْبَلَد الَّتِي يَعْرِفهَا وَلَا يَعْرِف أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلهَا لَا خَوَاصّهَا وَلَا عَوَامّهَا فَجَعَلَ يَتَحَيَّر فِي نَفْسه وَيَقُول : لَعَلَّ بِي جُنُونًا أَوْ مَسًّا أَوْ أَنَا حَالِم وَيَقُول : وَاَللَّه مَا بِي شَيْء مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَإِنَّ عَهْدِي بِهَذِهِ الْبَلْدَة عَشِيَّة أَمْس عَلَى غَيْر هَذِهِ الصِّفَة ثُمَّ قَالَ : إِنَّ تَعْجِيل الْخُرُوج مِنْ هَاهُنَا لَأَوْلَى لِي ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلَى رَجُل مِمَّنْ يَبِيع الطَّعَام فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَا مَعَهُ مِنْ النَّفَقَة وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعهُ بِهَا طَعَامًا فَلَمَّا رَآهَا ذَلِكَ الرَّجُل أَنْكَرَهَا وَأَنْكَرَ ضَرْبهَا فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَى جَاره وَجَعَلُوا يَتَدَاوَلُونَهَا بَيْنهمْ وَيَقُولُونَ لَعَلَّ هَذَا وَجَدَ كَنْزًا فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ أَمْره وَمِنْ أَيْنَ لَهُ هَذِهِ النَّفَقَة لَعَلَّهُ وَجَدَهَا مِنْ كَنْز وَمِمَّنْ أَنْتَ ؟ فَجَعَلَ يَقُول أَنَا مِنْ أَهْل هَذِهِ الْبَلْدَة وَعَهْدِي بِهَا عَشِيَّة أَمْس وَفِيهَا دِقْيَانُوس فَنَسَبُوهُ إِلَى الْجُنُون فَحَمَلُوهُ إِلَى وَلِيّ أَمْرهمْ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ شَأْنه وَخَبَره حَتَّى أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِ وَهُوَ مُتَحَيِّر فِي حَاله وَمَا هُوَ فِيهِ فَلَمَّا أَعْلَمَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ قَامُوا مَعَهُ إِلَى الْكَهْف - مَلِك الْبَلَد وَأَهْلهَا - حَتَّى اِنْتَهَى بِهِمْ إِلَى الْكَهْف فَقَالَ لَهُمْ : دَعُونِي حَتَّى أَتَقَدَّمكُمْ فِي الدُّخُول لِأُعْلِم أَصْحَابِي فَدَخَلَ فَيُقَال إِنَّهُمْ لَا يَدْرُونَ كَيْف ذَهَبَ فِيهِ وَأَخْفَى اللَّه عَلَيْهِمْ خَبَرهمْ وَيُقَال بَلْ دَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَرَأَوْهُمْ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ الْمَلِك وَاعْتَنَقَهُمْ وَكَانَ مُسْلِمًا فِيمَا قِيلَ وَاسْمه يندوسيس فَفَرِحُوا بِهِ وَآنَسُوهُ بِالْكَلَامِ ثُمَّ وَدَّعُوهُ وَسَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ وَعَادُوا إِلَى مَضَاجِعهمْ وَتَوَفَّاهُمْ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَاَللَّه أَعْلَم . قَالَ قَتَادَة : غَزَا اِبْن عَبَّاس مَعَ حَبِيب بْن مَسْلَمَة فَمَرُّوا بِكَهْفٍ فِي بِلَاد الرُّوم فَرَأَوْا فِيهِ عِظَامًا فَقَالَ قَائِل : هَذِهِ عِظَام أَهْل الْكَهْف فَقَالَ اِبْن عَبَّاس : لَقَدْ بَلِيَتْ عِظَامهمْ مِنْ أَكْثَر مِنْ ثَلَثمِائَةِ سَنَة رَوَاهُ اِبْن جَرِير وَقَوْله " وَكَذَلِكَ أَعْثَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ " أَيْ كَمَا أَرْقَدْنَاهُمْ وَأَيْقَظْنَاهُمْ بِهَيْئَاتِهِمْ أَطْلَعْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَهْل ذَلِكَ الزَّمَان " لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ وَعْد اللَّه حَقّ وَأَنَّ السَّاعَة لَا رَيْب فِيهَا إِذْ يَتَنَازَعُونَ بَيْنهمْ أَمْرهمْ " أَيْ فِي أَمْر الْقِيَامَة فَمِنْ مُثْبِت لَهَا وَمِنْ مُنْكِر فَجَعَلَ اللَّه ظُهُورهمْ عَلَى أَصْحَاب الْكَهْف حُجَّة لَهُمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ " فَقَالُوا اِبْنُوا عَلَيْهِمْ بُنْيَانًا رَبّهمْ أَعْلَم بِهِمْ " أَيْ سُدُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ بَاب كَهْفهمْ وَذَرُوهُمْ عَلَى حَالهمْ " قَالَ الَّذِينَ غَلَبُوا عَلَى أَمْرهمْ لَنَتَّخِذَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَسْجِدًا " حَكَى اِبْن جَرِير فِي الْقَائِلِينَ ذَلِكَ قَوْلَيْنِ " أَحَدهمَا " إِنَّهُمْ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْهُمْ " وَالثَّانِي " أَهْل الشِّرْك مِنْهُمْ فَاَللَّه أَعْلَم وَالظَّاهِر أَنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا ذَلِكَ هُمْ أَصْحَاب الْكَلِمَة وَالنُّفُوذ وَلَكِنْ هَلْ هُمْ مَحْمُودُونَ أَمْ لَا ؟ فِيهِ نَظَر لِأَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ " لَعَنَ اللَّه الْيَهُود وَالنَّصَارَى اِتَّخَذُوا قُبُور أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ وَصَالِحِيهِمْ مَسَاجِد " يُحَذِّر مَا فَعَلُوا وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَر بْن الْخَطَّاب رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا وَجَدَ قَبْر دَانْيَال فِي زَمَانه بِالْعِرَاقِ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُخْفَى عَنْ النَّاس وَأَنْ تُدْفَن تِلْكَ الرُّقْعَة الَّتِي وَجَدُوهَا عِنْده فِيهَا شَيْء مِنْ الْمَلَاحِم وَغَيْرهَا .
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