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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة الإسراء - الآية 60

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لَكَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ أَحَاطَ بِالنَّاسِ ۚ وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاكَ إِلَّا فِتْنَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَالشَّجَرَةَ الْمَلْعُونَةَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ ۚ وَنُخَوِّفُهُمْ فَمَا يَزِيدُهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًا (60) (الإسراء) mp3
يَقُول تَعَالَى لِرَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُحَرِّضًا لَهُ عَلَى إِبْلَاغ رِسَالَته وَمُخْبِرًا لَهُ بِأَنَّهُ قَدْ عَصَمَهُ مِنْ النَّاس فَإِنَّهُ الْقَادِر عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ فِي قَبْضَته وَتَحْت قَهْره وَغَلَبَته. قَالَ مُجَاهِد وَعُرْوَة بْن الزُّبَيْر وَالْحَسَن وَقَتَادَة وَغَيْرهمْ فِي قَوْله " وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لَك إِنَّ رَبّك أَحَاطَ بِالنَّاسِ " أَيْ عَصَمَك مِنْهُمْ وَقَوْله " وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاك إِلَّا فِتْنَة لِلنَّاسِ " الْآيَة قَالَ الْبُخَارِيّ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيّ بْن عَبْد اللَّه حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَان عَنْ عَمْرو عَنْ عِكْرِمَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس " وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاك إِلَّا فِتْنَة لِلنَّاسِ " قَالَ هِيَ رُؤْيَا عَيْن أُرِيَهَا رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَيْلَة أُسْرِيَ بِهِ " وَالشَّجَرَة الْمَلْعُونَة فِي الْقُرْآن " شَجَرَة الزَّقُّوم وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَحْمَد وَعَبْد الرَّزَّاق وَغَيْرهمَا عَنْ سُفْيَان بْن عُيَيْنَة بِهِ وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْعَوْفِيّ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس , وَهَكَذَا فَسَّرَ ذَلِكَ بِلَيْلَةِ الْإِسْرَاء مُجَاهِد وَسَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر وَالْحَسَن وَمَسْرُوق وَإِبْرَاهِيم وَقَتَادَة وَعَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن زَيْد وَغَيْر وَاحِد . وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَتْ أَحَادِيث الْإِسْرَاء فِي أَوَّل السُّورَة مُسْتَقْصَاة وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْد وَالْمِنَّة . وَتَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ نَاسًا رَجَعُوا عَنْ دِينهمْ بَعْدَمَا كَانُوا عَلَى الْحَقّ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ تَحْمِل قُلُوبهمْ وَعُقُولهمْ ذَلِكَ فَكَذَّبُوا بِمَا لَمْ يُحِيطُوا بِعِلْمِهِ وَجَعَلَ اللَّه ذَلِكَ ثَبَاتًا وَيَقِينًا لِآخَرِينَ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ " إِلَّا فِتْنَة " أَيْ اِخْتِبَارًا وَامْتِحَانًا وَأَمَّا الشَّجَرَة الْمَلْعُونَة فَهِيَ شَجَرَة الزَّقُّوم لِمَا أَخْبَرَهُمْ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى الْجَنَّة وَالنَّار وَرَأَى شَجَرَة الزَّقُّوم فَكَذَّبُوا بِذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَالَ أَبُو جَهْل عَلَيْهِ لَعَائِن اللَّه هَاتُوا لَنَا تَمْرًا وَزُبْدًا وَجَعَلَ يَأْكُل مِنْ هَذَا بِهَذَا وَيَقُول تَزَقَّمُوا فَلَا نَعْلَم الزَّقُّوم غَيْر هَذَا حَكَى ذَلِكَ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَمَسْرُوق وَأَبُو مَالِك وَالْحَسَن الْبَصْرِيّ وَغَيْر وَاحِد وَكُلّ مَنْ قَالَ إِنَّهَا لَيْلَة الْإِسْرَاء فَسَّرَهُ كَذَلِكَ بِشَجَرَةِ الزَّقُّوم وَقِيلَ الْمُرَاد بِالشَّجَرَةِ الْمَلْعُونَة بَنُو أُمَيَّة وَهُوَ غَرِيب ضَعِيف وَقَالَ اِبْن جَرِير حُدِّثْت عَنْ مُحَمَّد بْن الْحَسَن بْن زَبَالَة حَدَّثَنَا عَبْد الْمُهَيْمِن بْن عَبَّاس بْن سَهْل بْن سَعِيد حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي قَالَ : رَأَى رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَنِي فُلَان يَنْزُونَ عَلَى مِنْبَره نَزْو الْقُرُود فَسَاءَهُ ذَلِكَ فَمَا اِسْتَجْمَعَ ضَاحِكًا حَتَّى مَاتَ قَالَ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّه فِي ذَلِكَ " وَمَا جَعَلْنَا الرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي أَرَيْنَاك إِلَّا فِتْنَة لِلنَّاسِ " الْآيَة وَهَذَا السَّنَد ضَعِيف جِدًّا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّد بْن الْحَسَن بْن زَبَالَة مَتْرُوك وَشَيْخه أَيْضًا ضَعِيف بِالْكُلِّيَّةِ وَلِهَذَا اِخْتَارَ اِبْن جَرِير أَنَّ الْمُرَاد بِذَلِكَ لَيْلَة الْإِسْرَاء وَأَنَّ الشَّجَرَة الْمَلْعُونَة هِيَ شَجَرَة الزَّقُّوم قَالَ لِإِجْمَاعِ الْحُجَّة مِنْ أَهْل التَّأْوِيل عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَيْ فِي الرُّؤْيَا وَالشَّجَرَة وَقَوْله " وَنُخَوِّفهُمْ " أَيْ الْكُفَّار بِالْوَعِيدِ وَالْعَذَاب وَالنَّكَال " فَمَا يَزِيدهُمْ إِلَّا طُغْيَانًا كَبِيرًا " أَيْ تَمَادِيًا فِيمَا هُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ الْكُفْر وَالضَّلَال وَذَلِكَ مِنْ خِذْلَان اللَّه لَهُمْ .
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