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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة الرعد - الآية 4

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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وَفِي الْأَرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُّتَجَاوِرَاتٌ وَجَنَّاتٌ مِّنْ أَعْنَابٍ وَزَرْعٌ وَنَخِيلٌ صِنْوَانٌ وَغَيْرُ صِنْوَانٍ يُسْقَىٰ بِمَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ فِي الْأُكُلِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (4) (الرعد) mp3
وَقَوْله " وَفِي الْأَرْض قِطَع مُتَجَاوِرَات " أَيْ أَرَاضٍ يُجَاوِر بَعْضهَا بَعْضًا مَعَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ طَيِّبَة تُنْبِت مَا يَنْفَع النَّاس وَهَذِهِ سَبِخَة مَالِحَة لَا تُنْبِت شَيْئًا هَكَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَمُجَاهِد وَسَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر وَالضَّحَّاك وَغَيْر وَاحِد وَمَدْخَل فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَة اِخْتِلَاف أَلْوَان بِقَاع الْأَرْض فَهَذِهِ تُرْبَة حَمْرَاء وَهَذِهِ بَيْضَاء وَهَذِهِ صَفْرَاء وَهَذِهِ سَوْدَاء وَهَذِهِ مُحَجَّرَة وَهَذِهِ سَهْلَة وَهَذِهِ مُرَمَّلَة وَهَذِهِ سَمِيكَة وَهَذِهِ رَقِيقَة وَالْكُلّ مُتَجَاوِرَات فَهَذِهِ بِصِفَتِهَا وَهَذِهِ بِصِفَتِهَا الْأُخْرَى فَهَذَا كُلّه مِمَّا يَدُلّ عَلَى الْفَاعِل الْمُخْتَار لَا إِلَه إِلَّا هُوَ وَلَا رَبّ سِوَاهُ وَقَوْله " وَجَنَّات مِنْ أَعْنَاب وَزَرْع وَنَخِيل " يَحْتَمِل أَنْ تَكُون عَاطِفَة عَلَى جَنَّات فَيَكُون" وَزَرْع وَنَخِيل " مَرْفُوعِينَ وَيَحْتَمِل أَنْ يَكُون مَعْطُوفًا عَلَى أَعْنَاب فَيَكُون مَجْرُورًا وَلِهَذَا قُرَأَ بِكُلٍّ مِنْهُمَا طَائِفَة مِنْ الْأَئِمَّة وَقَوْله " صِنْوَان وَغَيْر صِنْوَان " الصِّنْوَان هُوَ الْأُصُول الْمُجْتَمِعَة فِي مَنْبَت وَاحِد كَالرُّمَّانِ وَالتِّين وَبَعْض النَّخِيل وَنَحْو ذَلِكَ وَغَيْر الصِّنْوَان مَا كَانَ عَلَى أَصْل وَاحِد كَسَائِرِ الْأَشْجَار وَمِنْهُ سُمِّيَ عَمّ الرَّجُل صِنْو أَبِيهِ كَمَا جَاءَ فِي الصَّحِيح أَنَّ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ " أَمَا شَعَرْت أَنَّ عَمّ الرَّجُل صِنْو أَبِيهِ " وَقَالَ سُفْيَان الثَّوْرِيّ وَشُعْبَة عَنْ أَبَى إِسْحَاق عَنْ الْبَرَاء رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُ : الصِّنْوَان هِيَ النَّخَلَات فِي أَصْل وَاحِد وَغَيْر الصِّنْوَان الْمُتَفَرِّقَات وَقَالَهُ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَمُجَاهِد وَالضَّحَّاك وَقَتَادَة وَعَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن زَيْد بْن أَسْلَم وَغَيْر وَاحِد وَقَوْله " تُسْقَى بِمَاءٍ وَاحِد وَنُفَضِّل بَعْضهَا عَلَى بَعْض فِي الْأُكُل " قَالَ الْأَعْمَش عَنْ أَبِي صَالِح عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة عَنْ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " وَنُفَضِّل بَعْضهَا عَلَى بَعْض فِي الْأُكُل" قَالَ " الدَّقَل وَالْفَارِسِيّ وَالْحُلْو وَالْحَامِض " رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيّ وَقَالَ حَسَن غَرِيب أَيْ هَذَا الِاخْتِلَاف فِي أَجْنَاس الثَّمَرَات وَالزُّرُوع فِي أَشْكَالهَا وَأَلْوَانهَا وَطُعُومهَا وَرَوَائِحهَا وَأَوْرَاقهَا وَأَزْهَارهَا فَهَذَا فِي غَايَة الْحَلَاوَة وَهَذَا فِي غَايَة الْحُمُوضَة وَذَا فِي غَايَة الْمَرَارَة وَذَا عَفْص وَهَذَا عَذْب وَهَذَا جَمْع وَهَذَا وَهَذَا ثُمَّ يَسْتَحِيل إِلَى طَعْم آخَر بِإِذْنِ اللَّه تَعَالَى وَهَذَا أَصْفَر وَهَذَا أَحْمَر وَهَذَا أَبْيَض وَهَذَا أَسْوَد وَهَذَا أَزْرَق وَكَذَلِكَ الزُّهُورَات مَعَ أَنَّهَا كُلّهَا تَسْتَمِدّ مِنْ طَبِيعَة وَاحِدَة وَهُوَ الْمَاء مَعَ هَذَا الِاخْتِلَاف الْكَبِير الَّذِي لَا يَنْحَصِر وَلَا يَنْضَبِط فَفِي ذَلِكَ آيَات لِمَنْ كَانَ وَاعِيًا وَهَذَا مِنْ أَعْظَم الدَّلَالَات عَلَى الْفَاعِل الْمُخْتَار الَّذِي بِقُدْرَتِهِ فَاوَتَ بَيْن الْأَشْيَاء وَخَلَقَهَا عَلَى مَا يُرِيد وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى " إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ " .
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