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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة يونس - الآية 24

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا كَمَاءٍ أَنزَلْنَاهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَاتُ الْأَرْضِ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ النَّاسُ وَالْأَنْعَامُ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَخَذَتِ الْأَرْضُ زُخْرُفَهَا وَازَّيَّنَتْ وَظَنَّ أَهْلُهَا أَنَّهُمْ قَادِرُونَ عَلَيْهَا أَتَاهَا أَمْرُنَا لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا فَجَعَلْنَاهَا حَصِيدًا كَأَن لَّمْ تَغْنَ بِالْأَمْسِ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ (24) (يونس) mp3
ضَرَبَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى مَثَلًا لِزَهْرَةِ الْحَيَاة الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتهَا وَسُرْعَة اِنْقِضَائِهَا وَزَوَالهَا بِالنَّبَاتِ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَهُ اللَّه مِنْ الْأَرْض بِمَاءٍ أُنْزِلَ مَنْ السَّمَاء مِمَّا يَأْكُل النَّاس مِنْ زُرُوع وَثِمَار عَلَى اِخْتِلَاف أَنْوَاعهَا وَأَصْنَافهَا وَمَا تَأْكُل الْأَنْعَام مِنْ أَبّ وَقَضْب وَغَيْر ذَلِكَ " حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَتْ الْأَرْض زُخْرُفهَا " أَيْ زِينَتهَا الْفَانِيَة " وَازَّيَّنَتْ " أَيْ حَسُنَتْ بِمَا خَرَجَ فِي رُبَاهَا مِنْ زُهُور نَضِرَة مُخْتَلِفَة الْأَشْكَال وَالْأَلْوَان " وَظَنَّ أَهْلهَا " الَّذِينَ زَرَعُوهَا وَغَرَسُوهَا " أَنَّهُمْ قَادِرُونَ عَلَيْهَا " أَيْ عَلَى جِذَاذهَا وَحَصَادهَا فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَتْهَا صَاعِقَة أَوْ رِيح شَدِيدَة بَارِدَة فَأَيْبَسَتْ أَوْرَاقهَا وَأَتْلَفَتْ ثِمَارهَا وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى " أَتَاهَا أَمْرنَا لَيْلًا أَوْ نَهَارًا فَجَعَلْنَاهَا حَصِيدًا " أَيْ يَابِسًا بَعْد الْخُضْرَة وَالنَّضَارَة " كَأَنْ لَمْ تَغْنَ بِالْأَمْسِ " أَيْ كَأَنَّهَا مَا كَانَتْ حِينًا قَبْل ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ قَتَادَة : كَأَنْ لَمْ تَغْنَ كَأَنْ لَمْ تُنَعَّم وَهَكَذَا الْأُمُور بَعْد زَوَالهَا كَأَنَّهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ . وَلِهَذَا جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيث " يُؤْتَى بِأَنْعَم أَهْل الدُّنْيَا فَيُغْمَس فِي النَّار غَمْسَة فَيُقَال لَهُ هَلْ رَأَيْت خَيْرًا قَطُّ ؟ هَلْ مَرَّ بِك نَعِيم قَطُّ ؟ فَيَقُول لَا وَيُؤْتَى بِأَشَدّ النَّاس عَذَابًا فِي الدُّنْيَا فَيُغْمَس فِي النَّعِيم غَمْسَة ثُمَّ يُقَال لَهُ هَلْ رَأَيْت بُؤْسًا قَطُّ ؟ فَيَقُول لَا " وَقَالَ تَعَالَى إِخْبَارًا عَنْ الْمُهْلَكِينَ " فَأَصْبَحُوا فِي دَرَاهِم جَاثِمِينَ كَأَنْ لَمْ يَغْنَوْا فِيهَا " ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى " كَذَلِكَ نُفَصِّل الْآيَات " أَيْ نُبَيِّن الْحُجَج وَالْأَدِلَّة " لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ " فَيَعْتَبِرُونَ بِهَذَا الْمَثَل فِي زَوَال الدُّنْيَا مِنْ أَهْلهَا سَرِيعًا مَعَ اِغْتِرَارهمْ بِهَا وَتَمَكُّنهمْ وَثِقَتهمْ بِمَوَاعِيدِهَا وَتَفَلُّتهَا عَنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ مِنْ طَبْعهَا الْهَرَب مِمَّنْ طَلَبَهَا وَالطَّلَب لِمَنْ هَرَبَ مِنْهَا وَقَدْ ضَرَبَ اللَّه تَعَالَى مَثَل الدُّنْيَا بِنَبَاتِ الْأَرْض فِي غَيْر مَا آيَة مِنْ كِتَابه الْعَزِيز فَقَالَ فِي سُورَة الْكَهْف " وَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ مَثَل الْحَيَاة الدُّنْيَا كَمَاءٍ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ مِنْ السَّمَاء فَاخْتَلَطَ بِهِ نَبَات الْأَرْض فَأَصْبَحَ هَشِيمًا تَذْرُوهُ الرِّيَاح وَكَانَ اللَّه عَلَى كُلّ شَيْء مُقْتَدِرًا " وَكَذَا فِي سُورَة الزُّمَر وَالْحَدِيد يَضْرِب اللَّه بِذَلِكَ مَثَلَ الْحَيَاة الدُّنْيَا . وَقَالَ اِبْن جَرِير : حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِث حَدَّثَنَا عَبْد الْعَزِيز حَدَّثَنَا اِبْن عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَمْرو بْن دِينَار عَنْ عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن أَبِي بَكْر بْن عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن الْحَارِث بْن هِشَام قَالَ : سَمِعْت مَرْوَان يَعْنِي اِبْن الْحَكَم يَقْرَأ عَلَى الْمِنْبَر : " وَازَّيَّنَتْ وَظَنَّ أَهْلهَا أَنَّهُمْ قَادِرُونَ عَلَيْهَا وَمَا كَانَ اللَّه لِيُهْلِكهُمْ إِلَّا بِذُنُوبِ أَهْلهَا " قَالَ : قَدْ قَرَأَتْهَا وَلَيْسَتْ فِي الْمُصْحَف فَقَالَ عَبَّاس بْن عَبْد اللَّه بْن عَبَّاس : هَكَذَا يَقْرَؤُهَا اِبْن عَبَّاس فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى اِبْن عَبَّاس فَقَالَ : هَكَذَا أَقْرَأَنِي أُبَيّ بْن كَعْب وَهَذِهِ قِرَاءَة غَرِيبَة وَكَأَنَّهَا زِيدَتْ لِلتَّفْسِيرِ .
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