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تفسير ابن كثر - سورة البقرة - الآية 220

خيارات حفظ الصفحة والطباعة

حفظ الصفحة بصيغة ووردحفظ الصفحة بصيغة النوت باد أو بملف نصيحفظ الصفحة بصيغة htmlطباعة الصفحة
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فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۗ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَىٰ ۖ قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَّهُمْ خَيْرٌ ۖ وَإِن تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنَ الْمُصْلِحِ ۚ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ (220) (البقرة) mp3
وَقَوْله " كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ الْآيَات لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَة" أَيْ كَمَا فَصَّلَ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ الْأَحْكَام وَبَيَّنَهَا وَأَوْضَحَهَا كَذَلِكَ يُبَيِّن لَكُمْ سَائِر الْآيَات فِي أَحْكَامه وَوَعْده وَوَعِيده لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَة . قَالَ عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَلْحَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس يَعْنِي فِي زَوَال الدُّنْيَا وَفِنَائِهَا وَإِقْبَال الْآخِرَة وَبَقَائِهَا . وَقَالَ اِبْن أَبِي حَاتِم : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيّ بْن مُحَمَّد الطَّنَافِسِيّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَة عَنْ الصَّعْق التَّمِيمِيّ قَالَ : شَهِدْت الْحَسَن وَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَة مِنْ الْبَقَرَة " لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَة " قَالَ هِيَ وَاَللَّه لَمِنْ تَفَكَّرَ فِيهَا لِيَعْلَم أَنَّ الدُّنْيَا دَار بَلَاء ثُمَّ دَار فِنَاء وَلِيَعْلَم أَنَّ الْآخِرَة دَار جَزَاء ثُمَّ دَار بَقَاء وَهَكَذَا قَالَ قَتَادَة وَابْن جُرَيْج وَغَيْرهمَا . وَقَالَ عَبْد الرَّزَّاق عَنْ مَعْمَر عَنْ قَتَادَة : لِتَعْلَمُوا فَضْل الْآخِرَة عَلَى الدُّنْيَا . وَفِي رِوَايَة عَنْ قَتَادَة فَآثِرُوا الْآخِرَة عَلَى الْأُولَى . وَقَوْله" يَسْأَلُونَك عَنْ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ وَاَللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ الْمُفْسِدَ مِنْ الْمُصْلِحِ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ " الْآيَة . قَالَ اِبْن جَرِير : حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَان بْن وَكِيع حَدَّثَنَا جَرِير عَنْ عَطَاء بْن السَّائِب عَنْ سَعِيد بْن جُبَيْر عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس قَالَ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ " وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِاَلَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَن " وَ " إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا " اِنْطَلَقَ مَنْ كَانَ عِنْده يَتِيم فَعَزَلَ طَعَامه مِنْ طَعَامه وَشَرَابه مِنْ شَرَابه فَجَعَلَ يَفْضُل لَهُ الشَّيْء مِنْ طَعَامه فَيَحْبِس لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْكُلهُ أَوْ يَفْسُد فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّه - صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّه " وَيَسْأَلُونَك عَنْ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْر وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانكُمْ " فَخَلَطُوا طَعَامهمْ بِطَعَامِهِمْ وَشَرَابهمْ بِشَرَابِهِمْ . وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد وَالنَّسَائِيّ وَابْن أَبِي حَاتِم وَابْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ وَالْحَاكِم فِي مُسْتَدْرَكه مِنْ طُرُق عَنْ عَطَاء بْن السَّائِب بِهِ . وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَلْحَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ السُّدِّيّ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِك وَعَنْ أَبِي صَالِح عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس وَعَنْ مُرَّة عَنْ اِبْن مَسْعُود بِمِثْلِهِ وَهَكَذَا ذَكَرَ غَيْر وَاحِد فِي سَبَب نُزُول هَذِهِ الْآيَة كَمُجَاهِدٍ وَعَطَاء وَالشَّعْبِيّ وَابْن أَبِي لَيْلَى وَقَتَادَة وَغَيْر وَاحِد مِنْ السَّلَف وَالْخَلَف قَالَ وَكِيع بْن الْجَرَّاح : حَدَّثَنَا هِشَام صَاحِب الدَّسْتُوَائِيّ عَنْ حَمَّاد عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيم قَالَ : قَالَتْ عَائِشَة رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهَا إِنِّي لَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَكُون مَال الْيَتِيم عِنْدِي عَلَى حِدَة حَتَّى أَخْلِط طَعَامه بِطَعَامِي وَشَرَابه بِشَرَابِي فَقَوْله " قُلْ إِصْلَاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْر " أَيْ عَلَى حِدَة" وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانكُمْ " أَيْ وَإِنْ خَلَطْتُمْ طَعَامكُمْ بِطَعَامِهِمْ وَشَرَابكُمْ بِشَرَابِهِمْ فَلَا بَأْس عَلَيْكُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ إِخْوَانكُمْ فِي الدِّين وَلِهَذَا قَالَ " وَاَللَّه يَعْلَم الْمُفْسِد مِنْ الْمُصْلِح " أَيْ يَعْلَم مَنْ قَصْدُهُ وَنِيَّتُهُ الْإِفْسَادُ أَوْ الْإِصْلَاحُ وَقَوْله " وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَأَعْنَتَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ " أَيْ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّه لَضَيَّقَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَحْرَجَكُمْ وَلَكِنَّهُ وَسَّعَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَخَفَّفَ عَنْكُمْ وَأَبَاحَ لَكُمْ مُخَالَطَتهمْ بِاَلَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَن . قَالَ تَعَالَى " وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَال الْيَتِيم إِلَّا بِاَلَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَن " بَلْ جَوَّزَ الْأَكْل مِنْهُ لِلْفَقِيرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ إِمَّا بِشَرْطِ ضَمَان الْبَدَل لِمَنْ أَيْسَر أَوْ مَجَّانًا كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانه فِي سُورَة النِّسَاء إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّه وَبِهِ الثِّقَة .
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